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. 2023 Aug 14;18:597. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-04079-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Adjusted smoothed curves corresponding to the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and TC (A), LDL-C (B). A generalized additive model revealed a threshold nonlinear relationship between 25(OH)D and TC, LDL-C in OP patients. The upper and lower curves represent the range of the 95% confidence interval, and the middle curve represents the correlation between 25(OH)D and TC, LDL-C. Models were adjusted for Sex; Age of blood collection; Year of blood collection; Calcium; BMI; Season; Main diagnosis; Hypertension; Diabetes; β-CTX. The middle curve exhibited an inflection point (K) at 10.04 ng/mL. 25(OH)D 25-hydroxy vitamin D, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, BMI body mass index, β-CTX beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen