Table 3.

Factors associated with 5-year mortality in the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry.

Variables	Model 1a			Model 2b
	HR	95% CI	p-value	HR	95% CI	p-value
HFmrEF (referent HFrEF)	0.91	0.76,1.09	0.30	0.94	0.78,1.14	0.52
HFpEF (referent HFrEF)	0.65	0.51, 0.81	<0.001	0.72	0.57, 0.92	0.01
Age (per 10 years)	1.22	1.15, 1.29	<0.001	1.21	1.14, 1.29	<0.001
Male sex	0.99	0.85, 1.17	0.98	0.97	0.81, 1.16	0.76
Baseline smoking	0.96	0.78, 1.19	0.73	1.12	0.89, 1.40	0.33
Diabetes mellitus	1.25	1.08, 1.46	0.003	1.15	0.97, 1.35	0.10
COPD	1.23	1.01, 1.50	0.04	0.95	0.76, 1.19	0.64
SBP (per 10 mmHg)	0.97	0.95, 0.99	0.02	0.94	0.92, 0.97	<0.001
NYHAclass III (reference Class I/II)	2.32	1.28, 4.23	0.01	2.01	1.09, 3.67	0.02
NYHA class IV (reference Class I/II)	3.23	1.78, 5.91	<0.001	2.82	1.53, 5.17	0.001
Serum creatinine (per mg/dl)	1.18	1.11, 1.25	<0.001	1.11	1.03, 1.18	0.004
Discharge beta-blocker	0.55	0.47, 0.64	<0.001	0.64	0.55, 0.74	<0.001
Discharge ACE-I or ARB	0.67	0.58, 0.79	<0.001	0.78	0.66, 0.90	0.002
Discharge aldosterone receptor antagonist	0.74	0.64, 0.86	<0.001	0.75	0.64, 0.88	<0.001

HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF: heart failurewithmidrange ejection fraction;HFpEF: heart failurewith preserved ejection fraction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; NYHA: NewYork Heart Association; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin-receptor blocker; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy.

^aModel 1: unadjusted model.

^bModel 2: adjusted for age per 10 years, sex, current smoking status, SBP per 10 mmHg increase, diabetes, NYHA function class, COPD, serum creatinine, baseline beta-blocker and ACE-I or ARB on index admission.