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. 2023 Jul 31;13:1225220. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225220

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Copyright © 2023 Zhuang, Haugrud, Schaefer, Messerli and Miskimins

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) P7C3 protects against metformin-induced cytotoxicity and reduces NAD. Sytox Green assays indicate that P7C3 significantly protected against metformin-induced cytotoxicity at 1 and 5 μM P7C3, with error bars denoting standard deviation, according to an unpaired t-test with p < 0.05 (*). (B) NAD assays conducted after 48 h indicate that metformin (8 mM) reduces NAD while 5 mM P7C3 protects against metformin-induced NAD reduction. NAD levels were increased when P7C3 was combined with metformin as compared to metformin alone.