Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of HF patients with and without prior stroke
| Total events | Events per 100 person-years (95% CI) | Stroke vs. nonstroke | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No prior stroke (n = 30 441) |
Prior stroke (n = 2970) |
No prior stroke (n = 30 441) |
Prior stroke (n = 2970) |
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|
| CV death or HF hosp. | ||||||
| Overall | 7578 (24.9) | 934 (31.5) | 9.97 (9.75–10.20) | 13.54 (12.70–14.44) | 1.34 (1.26–1.44) | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) |
| HFrEF | 4756 (25.7) | 521 (31.0) | 11.89 (11.55–12.23) | 15.66 (14.37–17.06) | 1.30 (1.19–1.43) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) |
| HFpEF | 2822 (23.6) | 413 (32.1) | 7.84 (7.56–8.14) | 11.57 (10.51–12.74) | 1.46 (1.32–1.62) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) |
| First HF hosp. | ||||||
| Overall | 4806 (15.8) | 586 (19.7) | 6.32 (6.15–6.50) | 8.50 (7.84–9.21) | 1.32 (1.21–1.44) | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) |
| HFrEF | 2761(14.9) | 307 (18.2) | 6.90 (6.65–7.16) | 9.23 (8.25–10.32) | 1.31 (1.17–1.48) | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) |
| HFpEF | 2045 (17.1) | 279 (21.7) | 5.68 (5.44–5.93) | 7.82 (6.95–8.79) | 1.35 (1.19–1.53) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) |
| Cardiovascular death | ||||||
| Overall | 4327 (14.2) | 576 (19.4) | 5.23 (5.08–5.39) | 7.49 (6.90–8.13) | 1.44 (1.32–1.57) | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) |
| HFrEF | 3024 (16.4) | 348 (20.7) | 6.98 (6.74–7.24) | 9.50 (8.55–10.55) | 1.37 (1.22–1.53) | 1.23 (1.10–1.37) |
| HFpEF | 1303 (10.9) | 228 (17.7) | 3.31 (3.13–3.49) | 5.67 (4.98–6.45) | 1.73 (1.50–1.99) | 1.44 (1.25–1.66) |
| All-cause death | ||||||
| Overall | 5672 (18.6) | 740 (24.9) | 6.86 (6.68–7.04) | 9.62 (8.95–10.34) | 1.41 (1.31–1.52) | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) |
| HFrEF | 3623 (19.6) | 423 (25.1) | 8.36 (8.10–8.64) | 11.54 (10.49–12.69) | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) | 1.23 (1.11–1.37) |
| HFpEF | 2049 (17.1) | 317 (24.6) | 5.20 (4.98–5.43) | 7.88 (7.06–8.79) | 1.53 (1.36–1.72) | 1.28 (1.14–1.45) |
| Fatal/nonfatal MI | ||||||
| Overall | 1032 (3.4) | 148 (5.0) | 1.27 (1.19–1.35) | 1.97 (1.68–2.32) | 1.54 (1.30–1.83) | 1.26 (1.06–1.51) |
| HFrEF | 534 (2.9) | 59 (3.5) | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | 1.64 (1.27–2.12) | 1.31 (1.00–1.71) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) |
| HFpEF | 498 (4.2) | 89 (6.9) | 1.29 (1.18–1.41) | 2.28 (1.85–2.80) | 1.75 (1.39–2.19) | 1.44 (1.15–1.81) |
| Fatal/nonfatal stroke | ||||||
| Overall | 963 (3.2) | 200 (6.7) | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 2.68 (2.34–3.08) | 2.27 (1.95–2.64) | 2.02 (1.73–2.36) |
| HFrEF | 491 (2.7) | 99 (5.9) | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) | 2.79 (2.29–3.40) | 2.44 (1.97–3.03) | 2.24 (1.80–2.79) |
| HFpEF | 472 (3.9) | 101 (7.9) | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | 2.58 (2.13–3.14) | 2.12 (1.71–2.63) | 1.84 (1.48–2.29) |
| Fatal/nonfatal MI or stroke | ||||||
| Overall | 1939 (6.4) | 329 (11.1) | 2.41 (2.31–2.52) | 4.51 (4.05–5.02) | 1.86 (1.65–2.09) | 1.60 (1.42–1.80) |
| HFrEF | 998 (5.4) | 148 (8.8) | 2.36 (2.22–2.51) | 4.24 (3.61–4.98) | 1.79 (1.51–2.13) | 1.55 (1.30–1.85) |
| HFpEF | 941 (7.9) | 181 (14.1) | 2.47 (2.32–2.63) | 4.75 (4.11–5.50) | 1.91 (1.63–2.24) | 1.64 (1.39–1.92) |
| CV death, HF hosp., MI, or stroke | ||||||
| Overall | 8436 (27.7) | 1067 (35.9) | 11.36 (11.12–11.60) | 16.13 (15.19–17.13) | 1.40 (1.32–1.50) | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) |
| HFrEF | 5159 (27.9) | 583 (34.6) | 13.12 (12.77–13.48) | 18.23 (16.81–19.77) | 1.37 (1.26–1.49) | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) |
| HFpEF | 3277 (27.4) | 484 (37.6) | 9.37 (9.06–9.70) | 14.16 (12.96–15.48) | 1.49 (1.36–1.64) | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) |
The adjusted hazard ratio is from a model adjusted for region, age, gender, heart rate, SBP, BMI, NYHA functional class III/IV, LVEF, eGFR, NT-proBNP (log-transformed), atrial fibrillation, ischaemic aetiology, MI, diabetes mellitus, treatment arm, and within-trial clustering.
Single and composite clinical outcomes (rate per 100 person-years) in patients with and without prior stroke.
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; hosp. hospitalization; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.