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. 2023 May 6;25(9):2665–2678. doi: 10.1007/s12094-023-03203-8

Table 1.

Strength of recommendation and quality of evidence score

Category, grade Definition
Strength of recommendation
A Good evidence to support a recommendation for use
B Moderate evidence to support a recommendation for use
C Poor evidence to support a recommendation
D Moderate evidence to support a recommendation against use
E Good evidence to support a recommendation against use
Quality of evidence
I Evidence from ≥ 1 properly randomized, controlled trial
II Evidence from ≥ 1 well-designed clinical trial, without randomization; from cohort or case-controlled analytic studies (preferably from > 1 center); from multiple time series; or from dramatic results from uncontrolled experiments
III Evidence from opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees