TABLE 2.
Results of browsing survey by woody‐plant species.
| Species | Autumn | Spring | Percent of browsing in winter | Wilcoxon test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) | Proportion branches browsed | N | Mean (SD) | Proportion branches browsed | |||
| Abies alba | 1473 | 0.083 (0.178) | 0.263 | 1474 | 0.166 (0.290) | 0.355 | 50.00 | W = 1,212,868, p < .001 |
| Acer pseudoplatanus | 356 | 0.181 (0.284) | 0.368 | 374 | 0.296 (0.340) | 0.540 | 38.85 | W = 79,458, p < .001 |
| Fagus sylvatica | 996 | 0.038 (0.114) | 0.157 | 956 | 0.072 (0.157) | 0.288 | 47.22 | W = 537,998, p < .001 |
| Fraxinus excelsior | 239 | 0.089 (0.222) | 0.176 | 251 | 0.173 (0.308) | 0.311 | 48.55 | W = 34,195, p < .001 |
| Picea abies | 2815 | 0.002 (0.025) | 0.008 | 2959 | 0.003 (0.036) | 0.010 | 33.33 | W = 4,174,563, p = .346 |
| Rubus spp. | 2086 | 0.171 (0.359) | 0.359 | 1398 | 0.458 (0.413) | 0.634 | 62.66 | W = 2,018,464, p < .001 |
| Sorbus aucuparia | 313 | 0.198 (0.293) | 0.396 | 410 | 0.276 (0.372) | 0.429 | 28.26 | W = 752,331, p < .001 |
| Vaccinium myrtillus | 2845 | 0.063 (0.159) | 0.189 | 2754 | 0.140 (0.260) | 0.307 | 55.00 | W = 385,914, p < .001 |
Note: We present the sample size per species (N), uncorrected mean and standard deviation of branches browsed (mean (SD)), and proportion of branches browsed on each individual plant (proportion branches browsed). Autumn survey reflects browsing from summer of the same year, while the spring survey assessed browsing in the previous summer and spring. Percent of browsing in winter is the change in browsing between subsequent surveys, stated as a percentage increase. Wilcoxon test gives the results comparing the browsing intensity between autumn and spring.