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. 2023 Aug 14;13(8):e10431. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10431

TABLE 3.

Conditionally averaged model results describing the factors which influences the likelihood for an individual tree to be browsed.

Abies alba Acer pseudoplatanus Fagus sylvatica Fraxinus excelsior
Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐value p‐Value
Intercept −2.911 0.273 10.660 <.001 −1.049 0.257 4.072 <.001 −2.680 0.201 13.291 <.001 −1.523 0.277 5.485 <.001
Rdeer 0.263 0.104 2.531 .011 −0.454 0.142 3.178 .001 0.120 0.111 1.082 .279 −0.202 0.195 1.029 .303
Height 2.336 0.363 6.428 <.001 0.676 0.526 1.283 .200 0.010 0.417 0.841 .981 0.996 0.776 1.281 .200
Height2 −1.982 0.384 5.152 <.001 −0.608 0.525 1.155 .248 −2.664 0.317 0.024 .400 −0.900 0.798 1.124 .261
TotalWP 0.421 0.141 2.973 .003 −0.052 0.117 0.448 .654 −0.220 0.250 0.875 .381
UnderC −0.352 0.128 2.742 .006 0.028 0.119 0.235 .814 0.107 0.128 0.835 .404 −0.781 0.297 2.623 .009
UnderDiv 0.406 0.128 3.162 .002 −0.068 0.120 0.563 .573 −0.092 0.133 0.692 .489 −0.490 0.303 1.611 .107
Grouping Single 0.561 0.242 2.313 .021 0.333 0.657 0.505 .613 0.135 0.303 0.446 .656
Conspecifics −0.330 0.168 1.967 .049 −0.472 0.267 1.767 .077 0.410 0.241 1.697 .090
Deadwood 0.102 0.111 0.924 .355 −0.114 0.125 0.909 .364 0.045 0.119 0.379 .704 −0.258 0.258 0.996 .319
Year 2020/2021 0.608 0.242 2.510 .012 0.213 0.242 0.876 .381 0.091 0.256 0.353 .724 −0.814 0.661 1.228 .219
Picea abies Rubus spp. Sorbus aucuparia Vaccinium myrtillus
Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value Estimate Std‐error z‐Value p‐Value
Intercept −7.845 1.147 6.837 <.001 −0.103 0.201 0.510 .610 −1.679 0.227 7.361 <.001 −2.264 0.146 15.438 <.001
Rdeer 0.286 0.348 0.821 .411 0.121 0.126 0.940 .347 0.137 0.149 0.920 .357 0.396 0.093 4.241 <.001
Height 0.967 1.180 0.819 .413 2.547 0.236 10.774 <.001 1.941 0.572 3.385 <.001 0.928 0.291 3.192 .001
Height2 −0.594 1.280 0.464 .643 −1.589 0.221 7.168 <.001 −1.676 0.566 2.960 .003 −0.688 0.291 2.363 .018
TotalWP −0.181 0.132 1.371 .170 −0.195 0.162 1.201 .230 −0.357 0.127 2.798 .005
UnderC 0.390 0.399 0.976 .329 −0.203 0.139 1.458 .145 0.392 0.138 2.835 .005
UnderDiv 0.197 0.475 0.413 .679 0.035 0.124 0.284 .776 0.093 0.140 0.661 .508 0.119 0.117 1.020 .308
Grouping Single −0.538 0.733 0.734 .463 −0.219 0.183 1.200 .230 −0.188 0.161 1.165 .244
Conspecifics −1.662 1.322 1.257 .209 −0.244 0.164 1.489 .137 −0.246 0.163 1.509 .131 −0.540 0.157 3.449 <.001
Deadwood 0.220 0.244 0.902 .367 0.079 0.126 0.632 .528 −0.219 0.163 1.342 .179 −0.096 0.101 0.952 .341
Year 2020/2021 −0.731 0.978 0.747 .455 −0.017 0.262 0.064 .949 1.283 0.321 3.984 <.001 0.150 0.199 0.752 .452

Note: Missing variables are those that were not identified within the top‐performing models (∆ AICc ≤2) selected for each individual species model. Variables with a significant effect (α = 0.05) are bold.