Fig. 7. The processes behind the protective effect of B. uniformis JCM5828 against DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice are summarized in a schematic picture.

Bu gavage changed the colonic microbial composition of mice with DSS-induced colitis, and primary bile acids (α-MCA) synthesized by the Bu core functional enzyme gene BSH involved in enhancing intestinal barrier function and inhibiting TH17 cell differentiation along with other putative probiotic-mediated secondary bile acids. TH17 cells in the colon epithelium bind to the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) and inhibit downstream NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways via the signaling complex IL-17R-ACT1-TRAF6. This reduces the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, modulating the intestinal immune response. Figdraw software was used to create this illustration.