Table 3.
Predictors associated with disease progression, LTFU, and mortality in children and adolescents 6–19 years of age after ART initiation in the IeDEA Asia-Pacific cohort (n=1913)
| Disease progression | LTFU | Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | WHO clinical stage 3 and 4 (n=207) | aHR (95% CI) |
p-value | LTFU (n=75) | asHR (95% CI) |
p-value | Deaths (n=59) | aHR (95% CI) |
p-value |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 108 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.00 | 33 | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 99 |
1.04
(0.75–1.44) |
0.820 | 34 |
0.87
(0.45–1.67) |
0.681 | 26 |
0.96
(0.59–1.55) |
0.870 |
| Current age, years a | 0.231 | 0.028 | 0.162 | ||||||
| 6–9 | 126 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | 33 | 1.00 | |||
| 10–14 | 74 |
0.92
(0.62–1.36) |
0.679 | 26 | 0.87 (0.51–1.50) |
0.627 | 19 |
0.55
(0.23–1.27) |
0.162 |
| 15–19 | 7 |
0.43
(0.16–1.14) |
0.091 | 30 | 2.48 (1.03–5.94) |
0.042 | 7 |
0.79
(0.23–2.76) |
0.712 |
| HIV disclosed a | |||||||||
| No | 186 | 1.00 | 44 | 1.00 | 52 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 21 | 0.43 (0.28–0.66) |
<0.001 | 31 | 0.61 (0.28–1.34) |
0.219 | 7 | 0.36 (0.17–0.79) |
0.011 |
| Year of first cART | 0.420 | <0.001 | 0.100 | ||||||
| 2008–2009 | 73 | 1.00 | 22 | 1.00 | 27 | 1.00 | |||
| 2010–2012 | 80 |
0.85
(0.60–1.21) |
0.369 | 29 | 1.80 (0.87–3.71) |
0.113 | 20 |
0.69
(0.44–1.07) |
0.099 |
| 2013–2018 | 54 |
0.81
(0.57–1.16) |
0.247 | 24 | 4.28 (2.66–6.90) |
<0.001 | 12 |
0.54
(0.20–1.46) |
0.227 |
| Currently on second-line cART a | |||||||||
| No | 180 | 1.00 | 57 | 1.00 | 50 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 27 |
1.23
(0.73–2.0) |
0.440 | 18 |
1.29
(0.64–2.62) |
0.479 | 9 |
0.75
(0.36–1.57) |
0.442 |
| Current weight-for-age z-score a | <0.001 | 0.615 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <−3 | 90 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | 38 | 1.00 | |||
| −3 ≤ to <−2 | 37 | 0.42 (0.31–0.55) |
<0.001 | 14 |
0.84
(0.43–1.62) |
0.597 | 6 | 0.20 (0.11–0.37) |
<0.001 |
| ≥−2 | 64 | 0.27 (0.21–0.35) |
<0.001 | 41 |
0.80
(0.54–1.20) |
0.289 | 15 | 0.28 (0.14–0.57) |
<0.001 |
| Missing | 16 | - | 4 | - | 0 | ||||
| Ever diagnosed with AIDS a , b | |||||||||
| No | - | - | 28 | 1.00 | 10 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | - | - | 47 |
1.36
(0.68–2.70) |
0.384 | 49 | 2.26 (1.17–4.37) |
0.015 | |
| Current CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <200 | 98 | 1.00 | 14 | 1.00 | 45 | 1.00 | |||
| 200–499 | 28 | 0.19 (0.13–0.26) |
<0.001 | 16 | 0.49 (0.26–0.92) |
0.027 | 9 | 0.12 (0.06–0.24) |
<0.001 |
| ≥500 | 60 | 0.11 (0.06–0.18) |
<0.001 | 40 | 0.30 (0.18–0.49) |
<0.001 | 4 | 0.01 (0.01–0.04) |
<0.001 |
| Missing | 21 | - | 5 | - | 1 | ||||
aHR: adjusted hazard ratio; asHR: adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; cART: combination antiretroviral therapy
Disclosure was our variable of interest and was retained in the final models regardless of its statistical significance. Covariates in italics were not included in the final model. Their aHR were presented individually in the multivariate model adjusted for significant predictors.
Age, HIV disclosure, on second line cART, weight-for-age z-score, AIDS diagnosis, CD4 count are considered time-dependent variables where each patient can contribute to more than one category.
AIDS was only considered as a covariate when the outcome was loss to follow-up or death