Table 1.
Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, MS) Participant Characteristics at Baseline, 2000–2004.
| Did not survive to 85 years N = 412 |
Survived to 85 years N = 501 |
P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) or mean (SD) | |||
| Age at visit 1 (years) | 71.1 (3.4) | 72.4 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Birth year (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 1923–1925 | 41 (10.0) | 90 (18.0) | |
| 1926–1928 | 83 (20.2) | 120 (24.0) | |
| 1929–1931 | 100 (24.3) | 151 (30.1) | |
| 1932–1934 | 188 (45.6) | 140 (27.9) | |
| Female (%) | 236 (57.3) | 372 (74.3) | <0.001 |
| Income (%) | 0.640 | ||
| Poor | 82 (19.9) | 80 (16.0) | |
| Lower middle | 133 (32.3) | 165 (32.9) | |
| Upper middle | 74 (18.0) | 95 (19.0) | |
| Affluent | 63 (15.3) | 81 (16.2) | |
| Missing | 60 (14.6) | 80 (16.0) | |
| Education (%) | 0.238 | ||
| < High school | 189 (45.9) | 199 (39.7) | |
| High school grad | 77 (18.7) | 109 (21.8) | |
| Attended vocational school, trade school or college | 143 (34.7) | 191 (38.1) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Insured (%) | 404 (98.1) | 489 (97.6) | 0.811 |
| Occupation (%) | |||
| Professional | 258 (62.6) | 285 (56.9) | 0.151 |
| Labor | 154 (37.4) | 215 (42.9) | |
| Missing | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |
| Body mass index (%) | 0.034 | ||
| Normal | 69 (16.8) | 79 (15.8) | |
| Underweight | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Overweight | 142 (34.5) | 188 (37.5) | |
| Obese | 193 (46.8) | 234 (46.7) | |
| Missing | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Alcohol drinking in past 12 months (%) | 113 (27.4) | 130 (26.0) | 0.487 |
| Smoking categorization (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Current smoker | 44 (10.7) | 17 (3.4) | |
| Quit < 12 months ago | 7 (1.7) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Never smoked or quit 12 + mths ago | 351 (85.2) | 474 (94.6) | |
| Missing | 10 (2.4) | 9 (1.8) | |
| Sport index | 1.89 (1.18) | 1.99 (1.29) | 0.378 |
| Home/yard index | 2.03 (0.59) | 2.23 (0.59) | <0.001 |
| Active living index | 1.82 (0.79) | 1.96 (0.84) | 0.016 |
| Everyday Discrimination | 1.70 (0.89) | 1.73 (0.81) | 0.109 |
| Lifetime Discrimination | 2.18 (1.85) | 2.37 (1.94) | 0.165 |
| Depression symptom score (n = 505) | 10.29 (7.02) | 11.04 (6.89) | 0.118 |
| Total global stress score | 2.80 (3.27) | 3.42 (3.58) | 0.006 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.79 (18.45) | 132.98 (17.12) | 0.023 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.17 (9.24) | 72.34 (8.02) | 0.615 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.21 (1.27) | 6.10 (1.14) | 0.228 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201.00 (42.28) | 207.03 (38.82) | 0.036 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 90+ | 119 (28.9) | 175 (34.9) | |
| 60–89 | 191 (46.4) | 261 (52.1) | |
| 30–59 | 78 (18.9) | 51 (10.2) | |
| 15–29 | 8 (1.9) | 3 (0.6) | |
| <15 | 8 (1.9) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Missing | 8 (1.9) | 10 (2.0) | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 74.08 (23.33) | 80.10 (17.26) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension status (%) | 347 (84.2) | 394 (78.6) | 0.032 |
| Diabetes status (%) | 159 (38.6) | 153 (30.5) | 0.038 |
| Stroke (%) | 50 (12.1) | 35 (7.0) | 0.008 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 72 (17.5) | 49 (9.8) | 0.001 |
| Cardiac procedures (%) | 71 (17.2) | 41 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 15 (3.6) | 26 (5.2) | 0.261 |
| Chronic lung disease (%) | 32 (7.8) | 30 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Cancer (%) | 52 (12.6) | 42 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Census tract socioeconomic score | 0.81 (0.55) | 0.79 (0.54) | 0.274 |
| Neighborhood problems | 1.64 (0.16) | 1.63 (0.17) | 0.078 |
| Neighborhood social cohesion | 2.98 (0.13) | 3.00 (0.12) | 0.094 |
| Neighborhood violence | 1.31 (0.11) | 1.30 (0.12) | 0.085 |
| Favorable food store | 0.35 (0.21) | 0.35 (0.20) | 0.844 |
| Percent residential land use per square mile | 0.30 (0.10) | 0.32 (0.09) | 0.048 |
| Network Ratio (Street connectivity) | 0.33 (0.12) | 0.33 (0.12) | 0.824 |
*p values are based on t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Chi square test for categorical variables.
Abbreviation: eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.