Table 1.
Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data of included patients by group of adjudicated diagnosis at discharge
| Feature | Entire Cohort n = 315 | No AECOPD n = 48 | AECOPD present | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 267 | AECOPD alone n = 180 | AECOPD with other conditions n = 87 | ||||
| Demographics | Age, mean (SD) | 72.5 (10.6) | 75.0 (13.1) | 72.1 (10.0) | 71.5 (9.3) | 73.3 (11.3) |
| Females, n (%) | 189 (60.0) | 31 (63.5) | 158 (59.2) | 115 (63.9) | 43 (49.4) | |
| Smoking history in pack years, mean (SD) | 42.5 (28.4) | 38.4 (36.7) | 43.2 (26.7) | 45.3 (26.7) | 39.0 (26.5) | |
| Spirometrically defined COPD, n (%) | 206 (65.4) | 26 (54.2) | 180 (67.4) | 130 (72.2) | 50 (57.5) | |
| Asthma, n (%) | 24 (7.6) | 3 (6.25) | 21 (7.9) | 17 (9.4) | 4 (4.6) | |
| ILD, n (%) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (4.16) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Oxygen supplementation at baseline, n (%) | 81 (25.7) | 10 (20.8) | 71 (26.6) | 51 (28.3) | 20 (23.0) | |
| O2 in L | 0.73 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.7) | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.76 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.6) | |
| History of CHF, n (%) | 81 (25.7) | 19 (39.6) | 62 (23.2) | 37 (20.6) | 25 (28.7) | |
| History of CAD, n (%) | 93 (29.5) | 15 (31.3) | 78 (29.2) | 49 (27.2) | 29 (33.3) | |
| Symptoms at presentation in ED | Increase in dyspnea, n (%) | 304 (96.5) | 43 (89.6) | 261 (97.8) | 177 (98.3) | 84 (96.6) |
| Increase in sputum, n (%) | 181 (57.5) | 17 (35.4) | 164 (61.4) | 110 (61.1) | 54 (62.1) | |
| Increased purulence of sputum, n (%) | 141 (44.8) | 13 (27.1) | 128 (47.9) | 81 (45.0) | 47 (54.0) | |
| Increased Cough, n (%) | 214 (67.9) | 31 (64.6) | 193 (72.3) | 126 (70.0) | 67 (77.0) | |
| Chest tightness, n (%) | 37 (11.7) | 4 (8.3) | 33 (12.4) | 25 (13.9) | 8 (9.2) | |
| Physical exam findings | SPO2% on triage, mean (SD) | 90.3 (7.55) | 90.3 (6.31) | 90.3 (7.76) | 90.6 (8.14) | 89.6 (6.9) |
| O2 in triage, n (%) | 136 (43.2) | 9 (18.75) | 127 (47.6) | 91 (50.6) | 36 (41.4) | |
| Fever, n (%) | 80 (25.4) | 16 (33.3) | 64 (24.0) | 40 (22.2) | 24 (27.6) | |
| Wheeze on exam, n (%) | 197 (62.5) | 25 (52.1) | 172 (64.4) | 113 (62.8) | 59 (67.8) | |
| Treatment initiated in ED | Bronchodilator given, n (%) | 298 (94.6) | 37 (77.1) | 261 (97.8) | 176 (97.8) | 85 (97.7) |
| Steroid given, n (%) | 290 (92.1) | 32 (66.7) | 258 (96.6) | 175 (97.2) | 83 (95.4) | |
| Antibiotics given, n (%) | 271 (86.0) | 40 (83.3) | 231 (86.5) | 148 (82.2) | 83 (95.4) | |
| CXR findings | Pneumothorax, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | –- | 1 (0.4) | –- | 1 (1.2) |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 53 (16.8) | 17 (35.4) | 36 (13.5) | 18 (10.0) | 18 (20.7) | |
| Lobar pneumonia, n (%) | 68 (21.6) | 8 (16.7) | 60 (22.5) | 19 (10.6) | 41 (47.1) | |
| Atypical pneumonia, n (%) | 12 (3.8) | 4 (8.3) | 8 (3.0) | 4 (2.2) | 4 (4.6) | |
| Pulmonary edema, n (%) | 28 (8.9) | 11 (23.0) | 17 (6.4) | 8 (4.4) | 9 (10.3) | |
| Consider pneumonia, n (%) | 80 (25.4) | 15 (31.3) | 65 (24.3) | 27 (15.0) | 38 (43.7) | |
| Lab values | WBC, mean (SD) | 11.9 (8.0) | 13.0 (5.4) | 11.7 (8.4) | 11.3 (9.3) | 12.6 (6.0) |
| Blood neutrophils, mean (SD) | 8.76 (4.3) | 10.2 (4.9) | 8.5 (4.1) | 7.9 (3.6) | 9.6 (4.8) | |
| Eosinophils (10^9/L), mean (SD) | 0.19 (0.3) | 0.12 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.2) | |
| Venous pCO2 (mmHg), mean (SD) | 57.1 (16.8) | 51.1 (14.0) | 58.2 (17.0) | 59.5 (18.3) | 55.4 (13.8) | |
ILD Interstitial lung disease, CHF Chronic heart failure, HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, CAD Coronary artery disease, CXR Chest x-ray