Table 4.
Percentage of women who received help, counselling, and support from community health workers post-COVID by women's background characteristics
| Pregnant Women (Second/ Third Trimester) | ||||||||||||
| Received ANC Support during COVID-19 | Help with pregnancy registration | Counselling on birth preparedness | ||||||||||
| ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| State | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Bihar | 58.6 | 20.3 | 22.4 | 60.5 | 58.1 | 17.3 | 27.3 | 60 | 60.3 | 23.8 | 27.6 | 62.4 |
| Odisha | 70.6 | 58.8 | 59 | 75.4 | 67.8 | 32.7 | 65.8 | 87.1 | 57.7 | 55.3 | 58.2 | 63.2 |
| Chhattisgarh | 67.1 | 60.7 | 62.2 | 77.1 | 59.9 | 44.9 | 63.8 | 75.5 | 68.9 | 71.5 | 74.1 | 81.2 |
| Education Status | *** | *** | *** | * | * | *** | ** | ** | ||||
| Never attended | 65.8 | 47.3 | 47 | 71.5 | 61.2 | 30.2 | 49.8 | 72.2 | 62.2 | 48.9 | 51.7 | 68.6 |
| 1–9 Years | 62.2 | 46 | 48.1 | 70.1 | 61.9 | 35.1 | 55.6 | 76.3 | 64.9 | 55.3 | 59 | 72.7 |
| 10 years and more | 71.6 | 57.8 | 59.5 | 76.4 | 62.9 | 36.9 | 60.5 | 77.3 | 61.9 | 58.8 | 61 | 70.4 |
| Religion | *** | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Hindu | 66.7 | 54.8 | 55.8 | 73.9 | 62.6 | 36.6 | 59.7 | 77.9 | 63.4 | 59.6 | 62.9 | 72.1 |
| Others | 62.9 | 24.6 | 27.1 | 64.6 | 58.3 | 20.8 | 32.1 | 62.1 | 62.1 | 27.1 | 28.3 | 63.3 |
| Caste | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** |
| Scheduled Caste | 72 | 58 | 59.2 | 79 | 57.6 | 41.1 | 59.6 | 76.8 | 67.5 | 61.8 | 63.4 | 74.8 |
| Scheduled Tribe | 65.2 | 52.3 | 54.1 | 72.3 | 67.7 | 31.1 | 59.1 | 79.1 | 59.5 | 55 | 59 | 68.2 |
| Other Backward Castes | 64.3 | 48.1 | 48.3 | 69.9 | 58.3 | 35.4 | 52.7 | 71.8 | 66.3 | 54.6 | 57 | 73.5 |
| Others | 61.7 | 27.5 | 29.5 | 65.1 | 59.1 | 26.2 | 36.9 | 66.4 | 59.7 | 34.2 | 37.6 | 63.8 |
| Family Size | ** | ** | ||||||||||
| 3–4 members | 67.1 | 52.1 | 52.5 | 73.2 | 62 | 32.8 | 54.7 | 75.5 | 61.6 | 53.9 | 56.4 | 68.8 |
| 5 and more | 64.4 | 46.1 | 48.8 | 71 | 61.7 | 35.9 | 55.7 | 74.9 | 65.7 | 54.6 | 58.4 | 73.7 |
| Any member of the household returned during the COVID-19 | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | * | |||||
| No | 63.8 | 46.1 | 47.7 | 70.1 | 62.5 | 32.8 | 59.7 | 78.8 | 61.5 | 54.9 | 58.4 | 70.5 |
| Yes | 69.6 | 55.4 | 56.1 | 75.8 | 61.1 | 35.8 | 48.1 | 69.8 | 65.8 | 53.2 | 55.3 | 71.1 |
| Mothers of Children under two | ||||||||||||
| Received ANC Support during COVID | Help with pregnancy registration | Counselling on birth preparedness | ||||||||||
| ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | ASHA | ANM | AWW | At least one of them Q | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| State | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Bihar | 24.5 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 25.2 | 85.5 | 36.2 | 54 | 89.3 | 83.2 | 35.7 | 49.1 | 85.5 |
| Odisha | 39 | 32.3 | 33.6 | 41.5 | 75.6 | 52.6 | 78.8 | 97 | 82.7 | 76 | 82.9 | 90.2 |
| Chhattisgarh | 39.4 | 35.5 | 37.3 | 45 | 77.2 | 67.4 | 84.5 | 97.2 | 86.2 | 80.1 | 89.9 | 96.4 |
| Education Status | ** | *** | *** | ** | ** | * | *** | *** | *** | |||
| Never attended | 34.1 | 25.4 | 27.9 | 37.2 | 79.1 | 52.3 | 74.1 | 95 | 82.7 | 62.6 | 74.3 | 90.2 |
| 1–9 Years | 34.8 | 29.1 | 31.1 | 38.5 | 79 | 56.4 | 75.5 | 95.6 | 85.5 | 69.7 | 79.6 | 92.6 |
| 10 Years and more | 39.2 | 32.8 | 34.4 | 42.5 | 77.6 | 57 | 76.5 | 95 | 84.8 | 73.1 | 79.5 | 92.9 |
| Religion | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Hindu | 37.7 | 32 | 33.7 | 41.6 | 77.8 | 58.6 | 79.1 | 96.4 | 84.7 | 73.5 | 82.5 | 93.1 |
| Others | 25.2 | 12.3 | 16.3 | 26.1 | 83.2 | 37.6 | 56.2 | 89.5 | 82.4 | 40.5 | 53.6 | 85.4 |
| Caste | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | |
| Scheduled Caste | 42.2 | 38.2 | 38 | 45.9 | 73.7 | 63.2 | 77.6 | 95.2 | 85.1 | 75.3 | 82.7 | 93.5 |
| Scheduled Tribe | 36 | 28.5 | 31.9 | 39.7 | 78.7 | 54.4 | 80.6 | 96.3 | 84.2 | 71.7 | 83.1 | 92.2 |
| Other Backward Castes | 33.1 | 25.8 | 28.6 | 36.3 | 81.3 | 51.9 | 70.9 | 94.5 | 83.2 | 64.4 | 72.8 | 90.4 |
| Others | 25.8 | 15.5 | 16.2 | 28.2 | 83.8 | 47.7 | 60.3 | 93 | 86.1 | 46.4 | 57.7 | 89.6 |
| Family Size | * | *** | * | ** | ** | |||||||
| 3–4 members | 35.1 | 28 | 29.9 | 37.5 | 79 | 52 | 74 | 94.4 | 83.5 | 67.3 | 76.5 | 90.8 |
| 5 and more | 36 | 29.2 | 31.4 | 40.2 | 78.6 | 57.3 | 76.1 | 95.8 | 85 | 68.5 | 78.5 | 92.5 |
| Any member of the household returned during the COVID-19 | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | ** | ** | |||
| No | 34.5 | 26 | 29.2 | 39 | 76.7 | 50.7 | 75 | 95.9 | 81.8 | 66.8 | 77.3 | 91.1 |
| Yes | 37.3 | 32.8 | 33.3 | 39.2 | 81.9 | 62 | 75.6 | 94.2 | 88.3 | 69.9 | 78.2 | 92.9 |
* P-value < 0.10, **p-value < 0.05, ***p-value < 0.01 depicts the significant differences between the set of variables (ANOVA); # Endline, a-Pregnant women who were in second and third trimesters; Q: At least one of them (ASHA, ANM, or AWW)