Skip to main content
. 2023 Aug 15;29:23. doi: 10.1186/s40885-023-00248-3

Table 1.

Summary of the studies with altered short-term BPV and association with target organ damage

Study Study design Study subject No. of subjects Indices of BPV Type of association Outcome
Agarwal and Light [55] Cross-sectional General population 336 Nondipping Positive Proteinuria
Agarwal and Andersen [53] Cross-sectional CKD 232 Nondipping Positive Higher UACR, lower eGFR
Fava et al. [54] Cross-sectional Non-HTN 249 Nondipping Positive Lower eGFR
Cuspidi et al. [52] Cross-sectional HTN 355 Nondipping Indifferent Microalbuminuria
Cuspidi et al. [51] Cross-sectional HTN 375 Nondipping Indifferent Microalbuminuria
Pogue et al. [14] Cross-sectional CKD 617 Nondipping Positive Proteinuria
Song et al. [56] Cross-sectional CKD 823 Nondipping, MBPS Indifferent with nondipping; positive with MBPS Lower eGFR
Tanner et al. [57] Cross-sectional With/without CKD 1,022 SDdn, ARV Indifferent Microalbuminuria or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
Sarafidis et al. [58] Cross-sectional With/without CKD 16,546 SD, wSD, CV, ARV Positive Higher UACR, lower eGFR
Ryu et al. [59] Cross-sectional CKD 1,173 ARV Indifferent Proteinuria and eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
Wei et al. [60] Cross-sectional HTN 256 VIM, ARV Indifferent Higher UACR
Mulè et al. [15] Cross-sectional HTN 328 ARV Positive Microalbuminuria
Madden et al. [61] Cross-sectional General population 1,207 wSD, CV, ARV Indifferent Microalbuminuria
Farrag et al. [62] Cross-sectional HTN 90 SD, CV, ARV Positive Microalbuminuria
Leoncini et al. [16] Cross-sectional HTN 169 wSD Positive Microalbuminuria or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
Knudsen et al. [47] Longitudinal DM 112 Diastolic night to day BP ratio Positive Progression of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria
Lurbe et al. [50] Longitudinal

Non-HTN

T1DM

75 Nondipping Positive Microalbuminuria
Palmas et al. [48] Longitudinal DM 957 Reverse dipping Positive Progression of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria
Palmas et al. [49] Longitudinal DM 392 Reverse dipping Positive Progression of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria

BPV Blood pressure variability, CKD Chronic kidney disease, UACR Urine albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HTN Hypertensive, MBPS Morning blood pressure surge, SDdn Day-night standard deviation, ARV Average real variability, SD Standard deviation, wSD weighted standard deviation, CV Coefficient of variation, VIM Variability independent of mean, DM Diabetes mellitus, BP Blood pressure, T1DM Type 1 diabetes mellitus