Table I.
Humeral components and their effect on IR.
| Humeral component changed | Change to IR | Study, yr | Study type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retroversion | Inverse relationship | Berhouet (2013)5 | Cadaver |
| Gulotta (2012)19 | 3D model | ||
| Jeon (2016)22 | Retrospective | ||
| Kim (2019)25 | 3D model | ||
| Kontaxis (2017)26 | 3D model | ||
| Oh (2020)35 | Retrospective | ||
| Rhee (2015)37 | Retrospective | ||
| Stephenson (2011)41 | Cadaver | ||
| No difference | Boer (2017)7 | Retrospective | |
| Humeral neck-shaft angle | 155 more stable IR | Oh (2014)36 | Cadaver |
| Below 155 improved IR | Keener(2018)24 | Retrospective | |
| Rol (2019)39 | Prospective | ||
| Virani (2013)46 | 3D model | ||
| Werner (2017)49 | 3D model | ||
| Offset | Lateralization no change | Henninger (2014)21 | Biomechanical |
| Kalouche (2009)23 | Retrospective | ||
| Rojas (2019)38 | Retrospective | ||
| Tashjian (2015)43 | Biomechanical | ||
| Verdano (2018)45 | Retrospective | ||
| Virani (2013)46 | 3D model | ||
| Lateralization increases IR | Berhouet (2015)6 | Biomechanical | |
| Posterior offset no change | Chan (2017)11 | Biomechanical | |
| Cup depth | IR improved when shallow | Krämer (2016)27 | Cadaver |
IR, internal rotation; 3D, 3-dimensional.