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. 2023 Mar 31;3(3):336–342. doi: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.02.008

Table II.

Risk of bias of included studies calculated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Study ID Selection
Comparability
Outcomes
Representativeness of exposed cohort Ascertainment of exposure Outcome of interest not present at study start Comparability of groups on 2ry risk factors Control for confounders Assessment of outcomes Appropriate follow-up (length) Adequacy of follow-up (loss)
Chua et al 202112
Deng et al 202113 -
Lawrence et al 202132 - -
Nocera et al 20218 - -
Sakaki et al 202121 - -
Sakaki et al 202128
Hackett et al 202014 - - -
Lin et al 202023 - - -
Itoigawa et al 202041 - -
Itoigawa et al 201826 -
Baumer et al 201824 - - - NR
Gilbert et al 201730 - - -
Hou et al 201731 - -
Krepkin et al 201725 NR NR -
Rosskopf et al 201629 - NR
Itoigawa et al,
201527
- - -

NR, no risk, ∗, high risk, -, medium risk.