Table II.
Clinical outcomes of direct fixation techniques.
| Author (technique) | Year | No. of patients | Post-op Constant | Post-op VAS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suture-button construct fixation | ||||
| Olivos-Meza A | 2020 | 52 | 97.1 | † |
| Zhao Y | 2019 | 16 | 97.1 | 0 |
| Issa SP | 2018 | 19 | 96.2 ± 5.1 | † |
| Shen G | 2021 | 16 | 95.7 ± 7.3 | 0.4 ± 0.6 |
| Shin SJ | 2017 | 21 | 95.4 ± 3.4 | 0.4 ± 0.6 |
| Stein T | 2018 | 29 | 95.3 ± 4.4 | † |
| Breuer R | 2019 | 51 | 95 ± 8.8 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
| Xue C | 2018 | 25 | 95 ± 2.9 | 0 ± 0.5 |
| Beris A | 2013 | 12 | 94.8 (84-100) | 0.2 (0-2) |
| Rosslenbroich SB | 2015 | 83 | 94.7 (range, 61-100) | † |
| Rosslenbroich SB | 2020 | 50 | 94.4 ± 8.2 | † |
| Salzmann GM | 2010 | 23 | 94.3 ± 3.2 | † |
| Cano-Martínez JA | 2016 | 33 | 94.1 ± 5.5 | † |
| Saier T | 2016 | 42 | 94 ± 4 | † |
| Wang YC | 2020 | 30 | 93.7 ± 1.8 | † |
| Metzlaff S | 2016 | 24 | 93.6 ± 3.4 | † |
| Wang YC | 2020 | 30 | 93.3 ± 1.6 | † |
| Pan Z | 2015 | 22 | 93.1 ± 2.4 | † |
| Katsenis DL | 2015 | 50 | 93.0 (range, 84-100) | † |
| Çarkçı E | 2020 | 36 | 92 ± 4.6 | † |
| Scheibel M | 2011 | 28 | 91.5 | † |
| Venjakob AJ | 2013 | 23 | 91.5 ± 4.7 | 4.5 ± 1.9 |
| Choi S | 2016 | 43 | 91.2 (74-100) | † |
| Spoliti M | 2014 | 19 | 89.7 (range, 64-99) | † |
| Nie S | 2021 | 28 | 89.3 ± 4.2 | 1.2 ± 0.6 |
| Jensen G | 2014 | 26 | 89∗ (range, 52-100) | 1.3 ± 1.8 |
| Flinkkilä TE | 2014 | 57 | 88 ± 10 | † |
| Bin Abd Razak | 2018 | 16 | 87.6 ± 11.7 | 1 ± 1.7 |
| Kurtoglu A | 2020 | 25 | 87.2 (3.2) | † |
| Porschke F | 2017 | 55 | 85∗ (range, 44-100) | † |
| Zhang LF | 2019 | 24 | 82.8 (4.89) | † |
| Hook plate fixation | ||||
| Shen G | 2021 | 19 | 93.7 ± 6.6 | 0.7 ± 0.6 |
| Metzlaff S | 2016 | 20 | 92.8 ± 3.8 | † |
| Kumar N | 2015 | 45 | 91.8 (95% CI, 88.5-93.1) | † |
| Cisneros N | 2017 | 11 | 91.4 ± 6.8 | 1.45 ± 1.5 |
| Zheng J | 2018 | 43 | 91.3 ± 4.5 | 2 ± 1 |
| von Heideken J | 2013 | 22 | 90∗ (IQR, 86-92) | † |
| Yoon JP | 2015 | 24 | 90.2 ± 9.9 | 1.6 ± 1.5 |
| Stein T | 2018 | 27 | 90.2 ± 7.8 | † |
| Jensen G | 2014 | 30 | 88∗ (range, 22-99) | 1.7 ± 2.3 |
| Gao YS | 2015 | 24 | 86.1 ± 5.7 | † |
| Seo JB | 2020 | 47 | 84 ± 10.6 | † |
| Seo JB | 2020 | 73 | 83.8 ± 9.8 | † |
| Nie S | 2021 | 84 | 83.3 ± 8.8 | 1.8 ± 1.1 |
| Gang Y | 2016 | 23 | 80.4 ± 11.5 | † |
| Yin J | 2018 | 26 | 79.3 ± 5 | 4.1 ± 1.5 |
| Bin Abd Razak | 2018 | 10 | 77.5 ± 12.3 | 1 ± 0.7 |
| Yoo YS | 2021 | 10 | † | 1.1 ± 1.5 |
| Suture Fixation | ||||
| Panagopoulos A | 2021 | 72 | 92.1 ± 7.3 | † |
| Mardani-Kivi | 2013 | 21 | 91 ± 1 | 0.01 ± 0.2 |
| Cerclage Fixation | ||||
| Greiner S | 2009 | 50 | 91.7 ± 8.7 | † |
| Lädermann A | 2010 | 37 | 96 ± 7.7 | 0.08 ± 1.5 |
| Coracoclavicular screw fixation | ||||
| Zheng J | 2018 | 38 | 90.6 ± 4.8 | 1.2 ± 1.1 |
| Multistrand Titanium Cable | ||||
| Gao YS | 2015 | 24 | 97.5 | † |
| Suture Anchor | ||||
| Yoo YS | 2021 | 12 | † | 1 ± 1.3 |
VAS, visual analog scale; SBC, suture button construct.
∗
Median.
†
Not reported.