Table IV.
Radiographic outcomes of direct fixation techniques. Data sorted by net CC distance.
| Author (technique) | Year | No. of patients | Pre-op CC distance (mm) | Final CC distance (mm) | NET CC distance (FINAL – PRE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suture-button construct fixation | |||||
| Bin Abd Razak ∗ | 2018 | 16 | 29.3 ± 11.1 | 11.8 ± 1.7 | 17.5 |
| Kurtoglu A (SBC) | 2020 | 25 | 24.9 | 9.3 | 15.6 |
| Xue C | 2018 | 25 | 23 ± 5.4 | 8 ± 0.9 | 15 |
| Stein T ∗ | 2018 | 29 | 31.89 ± 8.3 | 16.92 ± 4.2 | 14.97 |
| Wang YC | 2020 | 30 | 23.5 ± 2.1 | 11.4 ± 1.13 | 12.1 |
| Wang YC | 2020 | 30 | 23.57 ± 2.7 | 11.47 ± 1.2 | 12.1 |
| Breuer R ∗ | 2019 | 51 | 23 ± 5.49 | 11.25 ± 3.14 | 11.75 |
| Seo JB (SBC, reduction-first) | 2019 | 21 | 16.1 | 6 | 10.1 |
| Salzmann GM | 2010 | 23 | 20.56 ± 4.6 | 10.56 ± 3.6 | 10 |
| Zhang LF (SBC) | 2019 | 24 | 21 | 11.43 | 9.57 |
| Seo JB (SBC, tunnel-first) | 2019 | 11 | 18.8 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
| Scheibel M (SBC) | 2011 | 28 | 22.1 | 13.6 | 8.5 |
| Olivos-Meza A∗ (SBC) | 2020 | 52 | 19.3 (5.2) | 10.83 (3.2) | 8.47 |
| Shin SJ | 2017 | 21 | 17.5 ± 5.2 | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 8 |
| Çarkçı E | 2020 | 36 | 18.7 ± 3.5 | 11 ± 2.7 | 7.7 |
| Cho CH (SBC) | 2016 | 10 | 15.9 | 9.1 | 6.8 |
| Cho CH (SBC) | 2016 | 26 | 14.5 | 8.8 | 5.7 |
| Horst K (SBC) | 2013 | 16 | 17.11 (5.3) | 11.55 (1.77) | 5.56 |
| Flinkkilä TE | 2014 | 57 | 22 ± 5 | 17 ± 4 | 5 |
| Issa SP | 2018 | 19 | 16.1 ± 3.1 | 11.5 ± 3.6 | 4.6 |
| Katsenis DL | 2015 | 50 | 12.8 (range, 9.5-15) | 9.2 (range, 8.7-10.2) | 3.8 |
| Cano-Martínez JA | 2016 | 33 | † | 8.24 ± 0.7 | † |
| Jensen G | 2014 | 26 | † | 23.8 (range, 18.5-32) | † |
| Metzlaff S ∗ | 2016 | 24 | † | 13.2 (range, 11.7-24) | † |
| Venjakob AJ ∗ | 2013 | 23 | 20.5 ± 4.6 | † | |
| Beris A (SBC) | 2013 | 12 | † | 10.5 | † |
| Zhao Y (SBC) | 2019 | 16 | † | 10.13125 | † |
| Hook plate fixation | |||||
| Bin Abd Razak ∗ | 2018 | 10 | 30.6 ± 12.4 | 13.6 ± 4.8 | 17 |
| Stein T ∗ | 2018 | 27 | 33.4 ± 8.2 | 19.4 ± 6.4 | 14 |
| Zheng J ∗ | 2018 | 43 | 22.1 ± 3 | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 9.9 |
| Seo JB | 2020 | 73 | 15.5 ± 4.6 | 9.1 ± 3.3 | 6.4 |
| Seo JB | 2020 | 47 | 14.4 ± 5.7 | 9 ± 2.8 | 5.4 |
| Jensen G | 2014 | 30 | † | 23 (range, 15.6-32.2) | † |
| Metzlaff S ∗ | 2016 | 20 | † | 14.1 (range, 12.1-23) | † |
| Yoo Y | 2021 | 10 | † | 11.27 ± 2.59 | † |
| Coracoclavicular screw fixation | |||||
| Zheng J ∗ | 2018 | 38 | 22.7 ± 3.1 | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 10 |
| Assaghir YM | 2011 | 56 | † | 10.3 ± 1.2 | † |
| Suture Fixation | |||||
| Panagopoulos A | 2021 | 72 | 19.3 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 12.9 |
| Cerclage Fixation | |||||
| Greiner S | 2009 | 50 | † | 2.2 ± 2.8 | † |
| Lädermann A | 2010 | 37 | † | 2.8 ± 3.1 | † |
| K-wire | |||||
| Horst K (k wire) | 2013 | 11 | 17.16 (6.04) | 13.52 (2.69) | 3.64 |
| Suture Anchor | |||||
| Yoo YS | 2021 | 12 | † | 7.9 ± 2.5 | † |
| Choi S (sa, sa+SBC) | 2016 | 43 | 19.7 (5.2) | 8.8 (2.4) | 10.9 |
CC, coracoclavicular; SBC, suture button construct.
∗
=identifies studies that did NOT utilize contralateral shoulder comparison for CC distance measurements.
†
Not reported.