Table I.
Individual study data including injury classification, demographic data, and return-to-play criteria.
| First author, yr | Injury classification∗ (no.) | Primary stabilization method(s) | Level of evidence | No. of patients | Mean age in years | Mean follow-up in months (minimum) | No. of RTP criteria† | RTP criteria† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abat, 20181 | 3/3/14 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 20 | 36.1 | 25.4 (18.5) | 1 | Time |
| Barth, 20152 | 10/6/8 | Arth CC suture button, Weaver-Dunn, combined Weaver-Dunn and CC reconstruction with soft-tissue graft, combined suture button and CC reconstruction with soft-tissue graft, CC reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament | IV | 24 | 41 | 12 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Beris, 20134 | 8/4/0 | Open CC suture button | IV | 12 | 27.5 | 18.25 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Boutsiadis, 20165 | 0/1/4 | Arth combined Waver-Dunn with suture button and AC and CC reconstruction with palmaris autograft | IV | 5 | 37 | 18 (18) | 1 | Time |
| Breuer, 20196 | 8/11/32 | Open CC suture button and AC suture reconstruction | IV | 51 | 43‡ | 55 (29)‡ | 1 | Time |
| Cano-Martinez, 20167 | 0/0/33 | Open CC suture button | IV | 33 | 25 | 25 (14) | 1 | Time |
| Cardone, 20028 | 6/0/0 | Open CC suture fixation | IV | 6 | 26.7 | 44.8 (31) | 1 | Time |
| Carkci, 20209 | 14/0/22 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 36 | 30.6 | 31.4 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Carrera, 201310 | 7/3/11 | Open CC suture anchor repair and clavicular pinning | IV | 21 | 35 | 18 (13) | 1 | Time |
| Cho, 201612 | 4/12/20 | Open CC suture button with AC K-wire stabilization or clavicular pinning | IV | 36 | 40.8 | 56.7 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Dal Molin, 201716 | 0/3/17 | Open CC screw with CC suture fixation | IV | 20 | 34.8 | 45 (24) | 1 | Time |
| De Carli, 201517 | 30/0/0 | Open CC suture button | IV | 30 | 29.2 | 42 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Dimakopoulos, 200618 | 24/0/10 | Open CC suture fixation | IV | 34 | 33.5 | 33.2 (18) | 1 | Time |
| El Shewy, 201119 | RW IV-V† | Open CC suture fixation | IV | 21 | 31.8 | 92.4 (72) | 1 | Clinical AC joint stability; radiographic AC joint stability |
| Gangary, 201620 | 6/2/3 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 11 | 34.2 | 12 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Garofalo, 201721 | 0/0/32 | Open semitendinosus autograft reconstruction of CC and AC | IV | 32 | 28 | 30 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Gomez-Vieira, 200923 | 2/5/3 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 10 | 34 | 15 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Greiner, 200924 | 5/1/44 | Open CC suture fixation | IV | 50 | 35.3 | 70 (30) | 1 | Time |
| Hashiguchi, 201825 | 8/0/4 | Arth CC reconstruction with Leeds-Keio artificial ligament and AC K-wire stabilization | IV | 12 | 40.8 | 106.3 (62) | 3 | Time; ROM; strength |
| Hou, 201426 | 1/1/18 1 RW VI |
Open semitendinosus allograft reconstruction of CC, combined semitendinosus allograft with suture button | IV | 21 | 39.4 | 15.5 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Katsenis, 201527 | 0/29/21 | Open CC suture button | IV | 50 | 35.5 | 42 (36) | 1 | Time |
| Kocaoglu, 201729 | 25/4/2 1 RW VI |
Open CC suture button with modified Weaver-Dunn; CC reconstruction with palmaris longus autograft and suture button | III | 32 | 39.7 | 44.9 (29) | 1 | Time |
| Kurtoglu, 202031 | 12/0/13 | Open CC suture button | IV | 25 | 30.7 | 18.6 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Läuderman, 201132 | 6/12/19 | Open CC suture fixation with AC joint suture reconstruction | IV | 37 | 33.6 | 54 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Lee, 201934 | 12/0/15 | Arth CC all suture anchor repair | IV | 27 | 35.2 | N/M (24) | 1 | Time |
| Leidel, 200935 | 70/0/0 | Open AC K-wire stabilization | IV | 70 | 37 | 48 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Li, 201336 | 0/7/3 | Arth CC suture button with AC suture anchor fixation | IV | 10 | 46.4 | 33.6 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Liu, 201537 | 7/0/5 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 12 | 48 | 24 (18) | 1 | Time |
| Lu, 201638 | 66/11/3 | Open CC suture button | II | 80 | 33.9 | 25.4 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Metzlaff, 201641 | RW III-V† | Open hook plate; CC suture button | III | 44 | 37.6‡ | 32 (24)‡ | 1 | Time |
| Motta, 201243 | 38/11/2 | Open CC reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament | III | 51 | 36 | 60 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Muccioli, 201640 | 23/5/15 | Open CC reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament | II | 43 | 29‡ | 28.2 (24) | 2 | Strength; functional assessment; safety assessment |
| Müeller, 201846 | 12/6/43 | Open hook plate; Arth CC suture button | I | 61 | 36.1 | N/M (24) | 1 | Time |
| Muench, 201945 | 20/0/23 | Open CC and AC reconstruction with semitendinosus or peroneus longus allograft | IV | 43 | 43.4 | 40.8 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Murena, 201347 | 34/0/0 | Open CC screw fixation; Arth CC screw fixation; Arth CC suture button | IV | 34 | 41.8 | 82.7 (50.4) | 1 | Time |
| Murray, 201848 | 18/11/0 | Open CC suture button | I | 29 | 31 | 12 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Natera-Cisneros, 201550 | N/M | Arth CC suture button plus AC suture reconstruction | IV | 9 | N/M | N/M (12) | 1 | Time |
| Natera-Cisneros, 201749 | 5/0/6 | Open hook plate | IV | 11 | 41 | 32.5 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Parnes, 201552 | 0/0/12 | Arth CC and AC reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft or allograft | IV | 12 | 25 | 30.4 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Porschke, 201753 | 0/0/55 | Open CC suture button | IV | 55 | 42 | 24 (18) | 1 | Time |
| Porschke, 201954 | 5/0/49 | Open CC suture button | IV | 54 | 41.5 | 23 (18) | 1 | Time |
| Ranne, 202055 | 29/0/29 | Arth CC reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft | IV | 58 | 36.4 | N/M (24) | 1 | Time |
| Saccomanno, 201458 | 8/4/6 | Open CC and AC reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft | IV | 18 | 27.5 | 26.4 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Saier, 201659 | 0/0/42 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 42 | 34.5 | 31.3 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Sandmann, 201260 | 9/9/15 | Open CC suture fixation and AC suture reconstruction | IV | 33 | 39 | 32 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Seo, 201961 | N/M | Arth CC suture button | III | 32 | 50.1 | 13.7 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Shin, 200962 | 0/0/29 | Open CC suture anchor with CA ligament transfer | IV | 29 | 39.7 | 27.8 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Steinbacher, 201464 | 19/0/0 | Open clavicular hook plate | IV | 19 | 29 | 50.4 (22.8) | 1 | Time |
| Struhl, 201565 | 19/2/14 | Open CC suture button with CC repair or CA ligament transfer | IV | 35 | 42.4 | 62.4 (27) | 1 | Time |
| Sun, 201966 | 46/23/11 | Open CC suture button | II | 80 | 35.4 | 34.5 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Tiefenboeck, 201769 | 13/4/2, 3 RW II | Open CC screw with AC K-wire stabilization | IV | 22 | 41 | 93.6 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Tiefenboeck, 201868 | 30/14/3 | Open CC reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament | IV | 47 | 37 | 89 (25) | 1 | Time |
| Triantafyllopoulos, 201770 | 0/0/10 | Open CC and AC reconstruction with JewelACL artificial ligament | IV | 10 | 33 | 48 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Vitali, 201572 | 29/6/2 | Open CC reconstruction with GORE PROPATEN vascular graft and AC K-wire stabilization | IV | 37 | 34.4 | N/M (24) | 1 | Time |
| Vulliet, 201773 | 21/0/19 | Arth CC suture button | IV | 40 | 38.2 | 26.1 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Wang, 200876 | 0/0/13 | Open CC suture fixation with AC pin stabilization | IV | 13 | 28.3 | 55.2 (23) | 1 | Time |
| Wang, 201477 | 18/0/3 | Open clavicular hook plate with coracoid process transfer to clavicle | IV | 21 | 41.6 | 33 (26) | 1 | Hardware removal |
| Wang, 201574 | 0/0/0, 12 Tossy III | Open clavicular hook plate plus with AC and CC trapezius muscle flap | IV | 12 | 36.1 | 22.83 (16) | 1 | Time |
| Wang, 201875 | 6/2/8 | Open clavicular hook plate; AC and CC reconstruction with flexor profundus tendon allograft | IV | 16 | 45.2 | 30.3 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Wolf, 200480 | RW III-V† | Arth suture fixation with clavicular and coracoid tunnel liner screws | IV | 21 | N/M | 24 (12) | 1 | Time |
| Xue, 201882 | 0/0/25 | Open CC suture button | IV | 25 | 43 | 34 (24) | 1 | Time |
| Ye, 201483 | 14/2/26 | Open CC titanium cables | IV | 42 | 36 | 42 (34) | 1 | Time |
| Yoo, 201184 | 3/0/10 | Arth CC reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft | IV | 13 | 28.4 | 17 (12) | 1 | Time |
RTP, return to play; RW, Rockwood; N/M, not mentioned; Arth, arthroscopic; CC, coracoclavicular; AC, acromioclavicular; ROM, range of motion; LARS, Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System; CA, coracoacromial ligament.
∗
Injury classification documented as Rockwood III/IV/V unless otherwise mentioned.
†
Median number.
‡
Number of each classification not specified.