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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Advers Resil Sci. 2023 Apr 10;4(2):151–170. doi: 10.1007/s42844-023-00090-4

Table 8.

Comparison of adolescent’s well-being as a function of profile transitions

Outcomes in adolescences
Hope Happiness Life satisfaction
Profile n M (SD) n M (SD) n M (SD)
Entire sample 25.35 (6.24) 5.41 (1.23) 27.63 (4.84)
Stable risk profiles
1. Stable SU/family risks 31 22.69 (5.60)2,3,4 31 5.21 (1.42)3 31 25.32 (6.15)2,3,4
2. Stable No SU/low family risks 50 26.60 (6.70)1 50 5.38 (1.35)3,4 50 27.92 (5.17)1
3. Stable SU/negative parenting 18 25.46 (7.30)1 18 5.89 (1.47)1,2,4 18 28.68 (5.50)1
4. Stable SU/low family risks 32 25.48 (6.87)1 32 4.89 (1.46)2,3 32 27.62 (5.67)1
F test of differences among groups F(3, 127) = 15.53* F(3, 127) = 11.15* F(3, 127) = 11.12*
Higher-risk versus lower-risk
5. Lower-risk 39 25.32 (6.46) 39 5.56 (1.23)6 39 28.13 (5.09)
6. Higher-risk 22 25.50 (7.75) 22 5.01 (1.35)5 22 27.66 (5.16)
F test of differences among groups F(1, 59) = 0.06 F(1, 59) = 14.90* F(1, 59) = 0.71

Numeric superscripts within each row indicate which classes of risks significantly differed from one another at p < 0.05