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. 2023 Jul 31;11:1229734. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229734

Table 2.

The link between digital and general health literacy scores and the different health behaviour and health care use variables, estimated with multivariate multinomial logistic regression models, controlling for the sociodemographic status of the respondents.

Digital health literacy General health literacy Digital health literacy (sensitivity analysis I) General health literacy (sensitivity analysis I)
OR SE p value OR SE p value OR SE p value OR SE p value
Smoking status
ref.: daily smoker
Not daily smoker 1.003 0.006 0.595 0.994 0.008 0.431 1.006 0.007 0.398 0.992 0.009 0.391
Nonsmoker 1.002 0.003 0.559 1.004 0.004 0.399 1.000 0.004 0.958 1.005 0.005 0.342
Alcohol consumption
ref.: weekly user
Not weekly use 0.999 0.004 0.762 1.009 0.005 0.101 0.995 0.005 0.246 1.012 0.007 0.069
Abstinent 1.005 0.004 0.254 1.009 0.005 0.097 1.001 0.005 0.786 1.010 0.007 0.146
Physical activity
ref.: full inactive
Maximum six days per week 0.997 0.005 0.543 1.000 0.006 0.964 0.996 0.006 0.483 1.003 0.008 0.724
Seven days per week 1.004 0.005 0.457 1.003 0.006 0.652 1.003 0.006 0.608 1.003 0.008 0.750
Fruit and vegetable consumption
ref.: two days per week or less
Three to six days per week 1.009 0.004 0.040 1.007 0.006 0.194 1.008 0.005 0.131 1.003 0.007 0.635
Seven days per week 1.008 0.004 0.045 1.013 0.005 0.019 1.005 0.005 0.345 1.011 0.007 0.110
Emergency services use
ref.: two or more
Not used 0.992 0.006 0.154 1.007 0.007 0.325 0.987 0.007 0.052 1.012 0.008 0.127
One times 0.989 0.007 0.085 1.002 0.008 0.787 0.984 0.008 0.031 1.014 0.010 0.168
General practitioner visits
ref.: three or more
Not used 1.003 0.004 0.481 1.000 0.005 0.957 1.004 0.004 0.341 0.996 0.006 0.481
One or two times 1.006 0.004 0.088 1.000 0.005 0.918 1.008 0.004 0.047 0.994 0.006 0.297
Medical specialist visits
ref.: two or more
Not used 1.001 0.003 0.759 1.005 0.004 0.234 1.000 0.004 0.976 1.003 0.005 0.544
One times 1.009 0.004 0.046 1.006 0.006 0.285 1.010 0.005 0.047 0.997 0.007 0.639
Inpatient services use
ref.: two or more
Not used 0.995 0.006 0.382 1.003 0.008 0.670 0.991 0.007 0.185 1.011 0.009 0.214
One times 1.028 0.019 0.145 1.005 0.020 0.805 1.034 0.021 0.117 0.986 0.023 0.541
Day-patient services use
ref.: two or more
Not used 1.000 0.009 0.966 1.011 0.012 0.390 0.996 0.010 0.677 1.015 0.014 0.291
One times 0.997 0.011 0.773 1.004 0.014 0.769 0.993 0.012 0.588 1.011 0.017 0.497

ref., reference category; sensitivity analysis I, both digital and general health literacy included in the model as a main effect; OR, odds ratios, controlled for age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, employment and marital status; SE, standard error; significant results marked in bold; all of the studied interactions between digital and general health literacy were nonsignificant; therefore, the results were excluded from the table.