Table 4.
Major bile acids in CRC and their related bile acid‐responsive receptors and associated signaling pathways
| BAs | BA‐responsive receptors | Associated signaling pathways |
|---|---|---|
| CA | Not specified | NF‐κB signaling, MAPK signaling |
| CDCA | TGR5 | NF‐κB signaling, JAK2/STAT3 signaling |
| DCA | FXR, PXR | NF‐κB signaling, EGFR/MAPK signaling, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, ERK signaling |
| LCA | VDR | NF‐κB signaling, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling |
| UDCA | TGR5 | YAP signaling, EGFR/ERK signaling |
CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; PXR: pregnane X receptor; VDR: vitamin D receptor; TGR5: G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1; NF‐κB: nuclear factor‐kappa B; MAPK: mitogen‐activated protein kinase; JAK2: Janus kinase 2; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK: extracellular regulated kinase; YAP: yes‐associated protein.