Scheme 1.

Schematic of MFFF protocol for encoding OR and fertility. The protocol comprised two parts: the acquisition of MFFF based on PALDI‐MS and subsequent analysis of MFFF for encoding OR and fertility. a) For the acquisition of MFFF based on PALDI‐MS, FF samples were first collected from enrolled subjects. Subsequently, ≈100 nL of raw FF samples and 1 µL of particle suspension were loaded onto the microarray chip, followed by the LDI MS detection. MFFF was obtained from the native MS spectra of each subject. b) For the analysis of MFFF, machine learning algorithms were used to achieve a precise diagnosis of dOR. Further, we determined the quality of oocytes/embryos for dOR subjects.