Table 1.

Results of the SEM models

	Full sample		Urban sample		Rural sample		Multigroup samplea
Model summary and fit	Test statistic	p-Value	Test statistic	p-Value	Test statistic	p-Value	Test statistic	p-Value
χ2 test	3295.98	<0.001	856.04	<0.001	3653.10	<0.001	8695.21	<0.001
RMSEA	0.04	1.00	0.03	1.00	0.05	0.16	0.06	0.001
CFI	0.97		0.99		0.93		0.94
d.f.	4		4		4		604
Groups	1		1		1		151
N	562,324		209,032		353,292		562,324
Measurement submodel	Standard β	SE	Standard β	SE	Standard β	SE	Mean standard β	Mean SE
Latent factor loadings
Market wealth Economic capacitya	0.20	0.002	0.38	0.002	0.09	0.002	0.16	0.047
Agricultural wealtha Economic capacity	0.61	0.001	0.70		0.58		0.61	0.010
Market wealtha Market opportunities	0.38	0.002	0.38	0.002	0.34	0.001	0.34	0.039
Educationa Market opportunities	0.80	0.001	0.71		0.88		0.77	0.013
Latent covariance
Market opportunities Economic capacitya	0.27	0.003	0.38	0.004	0.21	0.003	0.30	0.052
Structural regression submodel	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	Mean β	SE
Intercept	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10
Economic capacity	0.13	0.01	0.17	0.01	0.17	0.01	0.29	0.14
Market opportunities	−0.53	0.00	−0.76	0.01	−0.39	0.01	−0.70	0.13

^aThe multigroup specification presents the coefficients averaged across all individual survey models.