Table S2. Evolution of drug resistance mutations in Chinese individuals with HIV who are naïve to antiretroviral therapy, categorized by stages of NFATP development, from 2004 to 2022.
| Drug resistance mutation |
2004–2007
( n =1,251) |
2008–2011
( n =8,794) |
2012–2015
( n =21,467) |
2016–2019
( n =21,391) |
2020–2022
( n =4,999) |
P * |
Total
( n =57,902) |
||||||||||
| N † | %§ | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||||
| Abbreviation: ART=antiretroviral therapy; HIV=human immunodeficiency virus; NFATP=National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program; NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; EFV=efavirenz; NVP=nevirapine; NRTI=nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; (any: ABC=abacavir; AZT=azidothymidine; d4T=stavudine; DDI=didanosine; FTC=emtricitabine; 3TC=lamivudine; TDF=tenofovir); PI=protease inhibitor; ATV/r=atazanavir/ritonavir; DRV/r=darunavir/ritonavir; LPV/r=lopinavir/ritonavir. * P values were calculated using Cochran-Armitage trend test. P values <0.05 is statistically significant. † Number of drug resistance amongst ART-naïve individuals infected with HIV surveyed. § Prevalence of ART-naïve individuals infected with HIV that exhibit drug resistance. | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 32 | 2.6 | 283 | 3.2 | 740 | 3.4 | 953 | 4.5 | 392 | 7.8 | <0.001 | 2,400 | 4.1 | ||||
| NNRTI (EFV, NVP) | 23 | 1.8 | 177 | 2 | 479 | 2.2 | 708 | 3.3 | 336 | 6.7 | <0.001 | 1,723 | 3.0 | ||||
| A98G | 2 | 0.2 | 17 | 0.2 | 16 | 0.1 | 30 | 0.1 | 22 | 0.4 | 0.007 | 87 | 0.2 | ||||
| L100I | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0.1 | 0.268 | 19 | 0 | ||||
| K101E/P/H | 1 | 0.1 | 17 | 0.2 | 41 | 0.2 | 45 | 0.2 | 22 | 0.4 | 0.010 | 126 | 0.2 | ||||
| K103S/T/N | 5 | 0.4 | 41 | 0.5 | 119 | 0.6 | 216 | 1 | 172 | 3.4 | <0.001 | 553 | 1.0 | ||||
| V106I/M/A | 4 | 0.3 | 24 | 0.3 | 66 | 0.3 | 97 | 0.5 | 32 | 0.6 | <0.001 | 223 | 0.4 | ||||
| V108I | 5 | 0.4 | 26 | 0.3 | 52 | 0.2 | 37 | 0.2 | 14 | 0.3 | 0.097 | 134 | 0.2 | ||||
| E138A/G/K/Q | 1 | 0.1 | 11 | 0.1 | 96 | 0.4 | 141 | 0.7 | 39 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 288 | 0.5 | ||||
| V179D/E/L/T | 4 | 0.3 | 35 | 0.4 | 165 | 0.8 | 243 | 1.1 | 84 | 1.7 | <0.001 | 531 | 0.9 | ||||
| Y181C/I | 7 | 0.6 | 27 | 0.3 | 56 | 0.3 | 60 | 0.3 | 21 | 0.4 | 0.889 | 171 | 0.3 | ||||
| Y188C/F/L | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.1 | 22 | 0.1 | 9 | 0.2 | 0.398 | 58 | 0.1 | ||||
| G190A/C/E/S | 3 | 0.2 | 22 | 0.3 | 52 | 0.2 | 69 | 0.3 | 25 | 0.5 | 0.008 | 171 | 0.3 | ||||
| H221Y | 1 | 0.1 | 10 | 0.1 | 23 | 0.1 | 39 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.105 | 80 | 0.1 | ||||
| P225H | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 0.1 | 16 | 0.3 | <0.001 | 39 | 0.1 | ||||
| F227C/I/L | 2 | 0.2 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 0.1 | 15 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 0.523 | 36 | 0.1 | ||||
| M230I/L | 2 | 0.2 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 22 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 | 0.352 | 37 | 0.1 | ||||
| L234I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.813 | 2 | 0 | ||||
| K238N/T | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 0.1 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.002 | 29 | 0.1 | ||||
| NRTI (any) | 13 | 1 | 117 | 1.3 | 276 | 1.3 | 293 | 1.4 | 76 | 1.5 | 0.190 | 775 | 1.3 | ||||
| M41L | 2 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.1 | 32 | 0.1 | 22 | 0.1 | 5 | 0.1 | 0.173 | 74 | 0.1 | ||||
| E44A/D | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.016 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| A62V | 2 | 0.2 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.081 | 21 | 0 | ||||
| K65R | 2 | 0.2 | 14 | 0.2 | 19 | 0.1 | 44 | 0.2 | 8 | 0.2 | 0.165 | 87 | 0.2 | ||||
| D67N | 2 | 0.2 | 15 | 0.2 | 34 | 0.2 | 41 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.2 | 0.372 | 103 | 0.2 | ||||
| S68G | 1 | 0.1 | 10 | 0.1 | 23 | 0.1 | 29 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 0.660 | 64 | 0.1 | ||||
| T69D/N | 4 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.1 | 16 | 0.1 | 12 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.1 | 0.280 | 45 | 0.1 | ||||
| K70E/T/R/ | 2 | 0.2 | 14 | 0.2 | 35 | 0.2 | 48 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.442 | 106 | 0.2 | ||||
| L74F/I | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 0.1 | 19 | 0.1 | 5 | 0.1 | 0.023 | 40 | 0.1 | ||||
| V75A/M/I | 1 | 0.1 | 14 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.1 | 19 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 | 0.117 | 49 | 0.1 | ||||
| F77L | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.447 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| Y115F | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.172 | 13 | 0 | ||||
| F116Y | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 3 | 0 | ||||
| Q151M/L | 1 | 0.1 | 5 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 8 | 0 | ||||
| M184I/V | 3 | 0.2 | 29 | 0.3 | 85 | 0.4 | 82 | 0.4 | 33 | 0.7 | 0.019 | 232 | 0.4 | ||||
| L210W | 1 | 0.1 | 15 | 0.2 | 41 | 0.2 | 23 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.1 | 0.070 | 84 | 0.1 | ||||
| T215F/Y | 2 | 0.2 | 36 | 0.4 | 67 | 0.3 | 61 | 0.3 | 15 | 0.3 | 0.335 | 181 | 0.3 | ||||
| K219E/N | 3 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.1 | 6 | 0 | 15 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.102 | 38 | 0.1 | ||||
| PI (ATV/r, DRV/r, LPV/r) | 2 | 0.2 | 25 | 0.3 | 56 | 0.3 | 39 | 0.2 | 9 | 0.2 | 0.094 | 131 | 0.2 | ||||
| L10F | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.737 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| K20T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.544 | 3 | 0 | ||||
| L24I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.070 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| V32I | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.282 | 8 | 0 | ||||
| L33F | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.110 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| K43T | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.813 | 2 | 0 | ||||
| M46I/L | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.193 | 17 | 0 | ||||
| I47V | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.273 | 18 | 0 | ||||
| G48R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.719 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| I50V/L | 1 | 0.1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.286 | 13 | 0 | ||||
| F53L | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.719 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| I54M/V | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.881 | 19 | 0 | ||||
| Q58E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.377 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| G73R/V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.535 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| L76V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.389 | 8 | 0 | ||||
| V82A/F | 1 | 0.1 | 5 | 0.1 | 14 | 0.1 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.279 | 30 | 0.1 | ||||
| I84L/V | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.610 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| N88S/T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.381 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| L89T | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.140 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| L90M | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0.1 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0.1 | 0.164 | 28 | 0 | ||||