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. 2023 Aug 1;14:1230174. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230174

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Copyright © 2023 Yan, Zhou, Meng, Zhou, Jia, Li, Cui, Yu, Tang, Li, Zhang, Wang, Hou and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Extraction and identification of synovial fibroblasts and evaluation of fibrosis-related abilities. (A) Arthroscopic view of the right shoulder in a 68-year-old woman with primary frozen shoulder. Biopsies were obtained from inflammatory synovium and thickened capsule with a punch forceps. (B,C) Cells extracted from synovium tissue expressed the specific markers for fibroblasts with positive vimentin while negative CD68. Scale bar: 25 µm. (D,F) Western blotting results showed that synovial fibroblasts in FS expressed more COL 1, COL 3, FN, and α-SMA than that in the control group. (E,G) Cell adhesion test and Wound-healing showed that synovial fibroblasts from FS were associated with the enhanced fibrosis-related ability. Scale bar: 50 μm *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.