Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and change in body composition and bone measures over 6 years in Australian baby boomers

	Females (n = 2019)	Males (n = 1652)	P value
Baseline characteristics
Age (year)	57.8 ± 5.7	58.1 ± 5.8	0.092
Height (cm)	162.8 ± 6.0	176.1 ± 6.6	<0.001
Body mass (kg)	73.6 ± 14.0	88.1 ± 13.2	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	27.7 ± 5.2	28.3 ± 3.9	<0.001
White (%)	98.8	99.4	0.066
Physical activity level (%)
Low	25.2	20.2	<0.001
Medium	35.7	25.1
High	39.2	54.7
Sitting (hours/day)	4.4 ± 2.5	4.8 ± 2.6	<0.001
Alcohol (glasses/week)	7.0 ± 8.3	16.9 ± 15.4	<0.001
Smoking (%)
Never	52.1	44.4	<0.001
Previous	40.6	47.2
Current	7.3	8.5
TAFE, college or university education (%)	52.7	50.1	0.113
Calcium supplementation (%)	9.3	1.2	<0.001
Menopausal hormone therapy (%)	8.9	-	-
Serum 25OHD (nmol/L)	78.9 ± 25.3	85.7 ± 26.1	<0.001
Baseline DXA measures
Fat body mass (kg)	29.8 ± 10.4	25.9 ± 8.4	<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)	41.4 ± 5.0	59.0 ± 6.7	<0.001
Total hip BMD (g/cm2)	0.988 ± 0.142	1.100 ± 0.144	<0.001
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)	0.945 ± 0.136	1.017 ± 0.133	<0.001
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2)	1.166 ± 0.176	1.270 ± 0.192	<0.001
Changes over 6 years
Measurement interval (year)	6.2 ± 0.9	6.2 ± 0.9	0.941
∆Total mass (kg)	0.263 ± 5.711	0.076 ± 5.181	0.301
∆Fat mass (kg)	0.654 ± 4.685	0.616 ± 4.170	0.795
∆Lean mass (kg)	-0.318 ± 1.791	-0.566 ± 2.085	<0.001
∆Total hip BMD (g/cm2)	-0.043 ± 0.048	-0.012 ± 0.038	<0.001
∆Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)	-0.046 ± 0.050	-0.016 ± 0.045	<0.001
∆Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2)	-0.035 ± 0.072	0.032 ± 0.061	<0.001

Values are mean ± SD or percentage (%) as stated. 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density. P values obtained using Student’s t-test or chi-square test