Table 2.
Estimated means of change in bone mineral density over 6 years at mid-quartile levels of change in total mass, fat mass and lean mass in female and male participants
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | ||||
| ∆ Total mass | -5.0 [-36.8, -2.6] kg* | -1.0 [-2.6, 0.3] kg | 1.6 [0.3, 3.2] kg | 5.7 [3.2, 31.7] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.051 (-0.069, -0.034)# | -0.040 (-0.058, -0.023)a | -0.029 (-0.046, -0.012)a,b | -0.016 (-0.034, 0.001)a,b,c |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.049 (-0.068, -0.031) | -0.045 (-0.064, -0.027) | -0.039 (-0.058, -0.021)a,b | -0.031 (-0.050, -0.013)a,b,c |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | -0.051 (-0.078, -0.025) | -0.045 (-0.071, -0.019) | -0.036 (-0.062, -0.010)a,b | -0.026 (-0.052, 0.000)a,b,c |
| ∆ Lean mass | -2.1 [-9.1, -1.4] kg | -0.8 [-1.4. -0.3] kg | 0.2 [-0.3, 0.7] kg | 1.6 [0.7, 18.4] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.050 (-0.067, -0.033) | -0.040 (-0.057, -0.023)a | -0.032 (-0.049, -0.015)a,b | -0.022 (-0.039, -0.005)a,b,c |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.051 (-0.069, -0.033) | -0.043 (-0.062, -0.025)a | -0.038 (-0.056, -0.019)a,b | -0.032 (-0.051, -0.014)a,b,c |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | -0.054 (-0.080, -0.028) | -0.042 (-0.068, -0.017)a | -0.033 (-0.059, -0.007)a,b | -0.029 (-0.055, -0.003)a,b |
| ∆ Fat mass | -3.8 [-29.0, -1.6] kg | -0.4 [-1.6. 0.7] kg | 1.7 [0.7, 2.9] kg | 5.1 [2.9, 23.2] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.046 (-0.063, -0.029) | -0.038 (-0.055, -0.022)a | -0.033 (-0.050, -0.016)a,b | -0.029 (-0.046, 0.012)a,b |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.047 (-0.065, -0.028) | -0.044 (-0.063, -0.026) | -0.041 (-0.060, -0.023) | -0.039 (-0.058, -0.021) |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | -0.048 (-0.074, -0.022) | -0.042 (-0.068, -0.016) | -0.039 (-0.064, -0.013) | -0.038 (-0.064, -0.012) |
| Male | ||||
| ∆ Total mass | -4.8 [-25.6, -2.5] kg | -1.2 [-2.5, 0] kg | 1.3 [0, 2.8] kg | 5.0 [2.8, 29.8] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.023 (-0.046, 0.001) | -0.018 (-0.041, 0.005)a | -0.015 (-0.037, 0.008)a,b | -0.006 (-0.029, 0.017)a,b,c |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.014 (-0.042, 0.014) | -0.012 (-0.040, 0.016) | -0.011 (-0.038, 0.017) | -0.006 (-0.034, 0.022)a |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | -0.002 (-0.041, 0.037) | 0.001 (-0.038, 0.039) | 0.002 (-0.037, 0.041) | -0.001 (-0.041, 0.038) |
| ∆ Lean mass | -2.7 [-11.8, -1.8] kg | -1.1 [-1.8, -0.5] kg | 0.1 [-0.5, 0.7] kg | 1.6 [0.7, 9.6] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.028 (-0.051, -0.005) | -0.024 (-0.047, -0.002) | -0.021 (-0.044, 0.002)a,b | -0.013 (-0.036, 0.010)a,b,c |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.018 (-0.046, 0.010) | -0.017 (-0.045, 0.010) | -0.015 (-0.042, 0.013) | -0.007 (-0.034, 0.021)a,b,c |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | -0.001 (-0.041, 0.038) | -0.004 (-0.043, 0.035) | -0.004 (-0.043, 0.035) | -0.001 (-0.039, 0.040) |
| ∆ Fat mass | -3.4 [-20.3, -1.6] kg | -0.4 [-1.6, 0.5] kg | 1.5 [0.5, 2.8] kg | 4.5 [2.8, 26.7] kg |
| ∆Total hip BMD | -0.022 (-0.045, 0.001) | -0.020 (-0.043, 0.003) | -0.019 (-0.042, 0.004) | -0.015 (-0.038, 0.009)a,b,c |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD | -0.015 (-0.043, 0.013) | -0.016 (-0.043, 0.012) | -0.016 (-0.043, 0.012) | -0.014 (-0.041, 0.014) |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD | 0.002 (-0.037, 0.041) | 0.001 (-0.038, 0.040) | 0.001 (-0.038, 0.040) | -0.001 (-0.041, 0.038) |
*Mid-quartile level with range (in brackets). #Restricted cubic spline estimated least square mean (95% confidence interval) of changes in bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) for the mid-quartile of change in each of total mass, fat mas and lean mass. aP < 0.05 vs Q1, bP < 0.05 vs Q2, cP < 0.05 vs Q3 adjusted for race, measurement interval, baseline BMD value, age, total mass (or lean and fat mass for the models for ∆ lean mass or ∆ fat mass), height, smoking history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, physical activity level, sitting hours per day, alcohol consumption, education level, calcium supplementation and menopausal hormone treatment (in females); models for ∆LM or ∆FM adjusted for each other.