Table 3.
Estimated means of change in bone mineral density over 6 years by change in body composition groups in body mass stable participants
| Group 1 ↓LM & ↓FM |
Group 2 ↓LM & ↑FM |
Group 3 ↑LM & ↓FM |
Group 4 ↑LM & ↑FM |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n | 115 | 361 | 167 | 131 | |
| ∆Total mass (kg) | -1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1a | -0.4 ± 0.1a,b | 1.3 ± 0.1a,b,c | <0.001 |
| ∆Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | -0.048 ± 0.004 | -0.047 ± 0.002 | -0.037 ± 0.003b | -0.032 ± 0.004a,b | <0.001 |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | -0.045 ± 0.004 | -0.050 ± 0.002 | -0.044 ± 0.003 | -0.039 ± 0.004 | 0.096 |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | -0.035 ± 0.006 | -0.039 ± 0.003 | -0.033 ± 0.005 | -0.031 ± 0.005 | 0.514 |
| Male, n | 147 | 386 | 172 | 110 | |
| ∆Total mass (kg) | -1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1a | -0.5 ± 0.1a,b | 1.7 ± 0.1a,b,c | <0.001 |
| ∆Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | -0.012 ± 0.003 | -0.016 ± 0.002 | -0.006 ± 0.003b | -0.008 ± 0.003 | 0.014 |
| ∆Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | -0.021 ± 0.004 | -0.021 ± 0.002 | -0.007 ± 0.003a,b | -0.017 ± 0.004 | 0.006 |
| ∆Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 0.033 ± 0.005 | 0.031 ± 0.003 | 0.044 ± 0.004 | 0.028 ± 0.005 | 0.046 |
Body mass stable is defined as total body mass change <3% from baseline to follow up. Values are estimated mean ± SEM. BMD, bone mineral density, FM, fat mass, LM, lean mass. aP <0.05 vs Group 1 (↓LM & ↓FM), bP <0.05 vs Group 2 (↓LM & ↑FM), cP <0.05 vs Group 3 (↑LM & ↓FM), general linear model adjusted for race, measurement interval, age, height, smoking history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, physical activity level, sitting hours per day, alcohol consumption, education level and menopausal hormone therapy (in females); models for ∆total mass additionally adjusted for baseline total mass, and models for ∆BMD additionally adjusted for baseline BMD value, lean mass, fat mass, and calcium supplementation