Table 2.
Summary of PPI use variables data
| Variable | Type of study participants | No. of studies | No. of PPI users | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication types | Total users (prevalent users + new users) | 31 | 8,461,806 | Omeprazole | 3,775,681 (44.6%) |
| Esomeprazole | 2,211,542 (26.1%) | ||||
| Pantoprazole | 1,199,539 (14.2%) | ||||
| Lansoprazole | 732,355 (8.7%) | ||||
| Rabeprazole | 479,677 (5.7%) | ||||
| Other* | 34,181 (0.4%) | ||||
| Missing | 28,831 (0.3%) | ||||
| New users | 12 | 8,237,161 | Omeprazole | 3,642,012 (44.2%) | |
| Esomeprazole | 2,187,777 (26.6%) | ||||
| Pantoprazole | 1,181,155 (14.3%) | ||||
| Lansoprazole | 719,383 (8.7%) | ||||
| Rabeprazole | 476,100 (5.8%) | ||||
| Other* | 30,734 (0.4%) | ||||
| Missing | 0 (0) | ||||
| Dose | Total users (prevalent users + new users) | 7 | 300,762 | Higher dose | 295,865 (98.4%) |
| Higher vs. lower dose (A) | |||||
| Lower dose | 4,865 (1.6%) | ||||
| On-demand | 10 (0) | ||||
| Missing | 22 (0) | ||||
| Higher vs. maintenance dose (B) | 3 | 225,280 | Maintenance dose | 81,805 (36.3%) | |
| Higher dose | 143,466 (63.7%) | ||||
| Lower dose | 0 (0) | ||||
| Missing | 9 (0.0) | ||||
| Dosing frequency (C) | 7 | 3838 | Once daily | 2998 (78.1%) | |
| Twice daily | 288 (7.5%) | ||||
| On-demand | 424 (11.1%) | ||||
| As necessary | 42 (1.1%) | ||||
| Other** | 4 (0.1%) | ||||
| Missing | 82(2.1%) | ||||
| Indication | Total users (prevalent users + new users) | 32 | 19,296,089 | Gastroprotectiona | 5,527,135 (28.6%) |
| Dyspepsia/GERD | 1,662,931 (8.6%) | ||||
| Gastritis/duodenitis | 254,351 (1.3%) | ||||
| Ulcer/GI bleeding | 232,026 (1.2%) | ||||
| H. pylori infection | 184,802 (1.0%) | ||||
| BO/ZE syndrome | 9755 (0.1%) | ||||
| Uncertain/unknown indication | 2,819,786 (14.6%) | ||||
| Other | 101,077 (0.6%) | ||||
| Not reported | 8,310,345 (43.3%) | ||||
| New users | 14 | 18,335,098 | Gastroprotectiona | 4,971,156 (27.1%) | |
| Dyspepsia/GERD | 1,414,685 (7.7%) | ||||
| Gastritis/duodenitis | 145,940 (0.8%) | ||||
| Ulcer/GI bleeding | 115,664 (0.6%) | ||||
| BO/ZE syndrome | 3665 (0.0%) | ||||
| Uncertain/unknown indication | 2,816,788 (15.4%) | ||||
| Other | 86,188 (0.5%) | ||||
| Not reported | 8,466,713(46.2%) | ||||
*Other = dexlansoprazole or combined therapy or “Other.”
Some patients had used more than one medicine. Dose: (A) higher dose (higher and maintenance dose) = equal or greater than defined daily dose (DDD); lower dose = smaller than DDD; (B) higher dose = 40 mg/daily for omeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole; 30 mg/daily for lansoprazole; 20 mg/daily for rabeprazole (according to UK National Institute for Clinical and Care Excellence) [75]; maintenance dose = 10–20 mg/daily omeprazole, 20 mg/daily pantoprazole and esomeprazole, 15 mg/daily lansoprazole, and 10 mg/daily rabeprazole; (C) total users’ (prevalent users + new users) data from seven studies (N = 3838)
**Other = thrice daily/three times per week. New user analysis was not shown for dose variable. Indication Studies reported indication per patient or per PPI course. Some patients had more than one indication
aGastroprotection (GI irritant medicine or treatment side effects)
GERD gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GI gastrointestinal, BO Barrett’s esophagus, ZE Zollinger–Ellison syndrome