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. 2023 Aug 15;14:4640. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40226-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Ecosystem functioning during drought as reflected by a SIFrel (unitless), b ET (Wm^-2), and c VOD ratio (unitless) anomalies. Ecosystem physiology (physio) is estimated as the components of d SIFrel, e ET, and f VOD ratio anomalies remaining after removing the LAI-related variations. Each aridity-drought period box shows the median value across corresponding grid cells and time windows. Aridity classes are chosen to yield a similar number of grid cells in each group on the x-axis. The numbers in the bottom rows denote the median ratio between vegetation physiological anomalies and total functional anomalies across the entire drought period (Physio/Total). Black dots in each bin denote that in more than 60% of the grid cells, the vegetation physiological anomaly is significantly different (95 % confidence) from a random sample of 1000 members from the same season (i.e. ± 16-day time steps) of a non-drought year.