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. 2023 Aug 15;14:4640. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40226-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Physiological component of SIFrel (SIFrel physio) as computed by the difference between dark-adapted and steady-state SIF yield; b Light use efficiency (LUE) as calculated by the ratio between GPP and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation; c Stomatal conductance (Gs); d Water use efficiency (WUE) as calculated by the ratio between GPP and ET. Note that instead of the entire study domain, this analysis is based on 600 randomly chosen grid cells considered in the observation-based analyzes and distributed across the globe. Observation-based results for the same grid cells are presented in Fig. S20. The white numbers denote numbers of grid cells belonging to a certain aridity group.