TABLE 1.

Examples of bacterial populations active on CHT efficacy and toxicity.

Efficacy
Gammaproteobacteria	Gemcitabine efficacy reduction through early inactivation
Fusobacterium	Increased resistance to many chemotherapeutics through autophagy modulation
GRAM+ (some induced by cyclophosphamide)	Increase of therapy efficacy through an immunity stimulation
Toxicity
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes	Increase of Irinotecan toxicity through Beta-glucuronidase activity increase
↓ Bacteria SCFAs Producers	Increased toxicity of some chemotherapy (mucositis)