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Research gaps in studies on FI for AEE pertaining to motivation, opportunity and ability of academics in PHEI
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| Based on
Tables 3-
6, our findings revealed that little research was conducted in the area of FI for AEE related to motivation, opportunity and the ability of academics in PHEI. The mapping in
Table 4 clearly indicates the scarcity of research on FI, motivation, opportunity and ability. |
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Challenges faced by academics and key factors influencing pursuit of entrepreneurial initiatives in PHEI
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| Based on the literature review of the various factors and challenges faced by academics in pursuing entrepreneurial initiatives in PHEI, we emphasised that attention should be paid to factors determining AEE, as few researchers examined the challenges faced by academics in developing the appropriate entrepreneurial competencies. The adoption of an FI mindset in AEE can create an opportunity to mitigate the identified challenges. FI minimises resource consumption and costs to attain high productive outcomes. |
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FI as a game changer for PHEI to improve AEE
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| AEE is a crucial factor, as PHEI must utilise their internal capabilities to promote FI through idea generation and relate them to their innovation ecosystem environment and the overall institutional structure. The scientific and technical competencies of universities will foster FI through the efficient use of resources under constrained environments and enable them to venture beyond the local market. Therefore, apart from their traditional mission and norms, PHEI that can realign their strategies to focus on sustainable societal development and address societal problems through academic research can enable FI. To develop FI in PHEI, AEE across various university community dimensions (academicians, scholars, faculty or the university) and collaboration with external stakeholders are necessary. Hence, PHEI will be able to integrate social, FI and environmental objectives through open innovation strategies via knowledge transfer and collaboration to produce patents, copyrights, intellectual property and spinoffs and startups with industries, business associations, the government, NGOs and communities rather than merely focusing on traditional financial objectives. As a result, PHEI must aim to promote teaching, research and community outreach activities that focus on achieving societal goals and contributing to FI to support AEE. |
