Table 1. Characteristics of the Patients With Stroke and by Stroke Type.
| No. (%) of patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 108 913) | Acute ischemic stroke | Hemorrhagic stroke (n = 41 678) | ||
| Endovascular therapy eligible (n = 21 690) | Other (n = 45 545) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | ||||
| 18-≤59 | 33 271 (30.5) | 5291 (24.4) | 13 444 (29.5) | 14 536 (34.9) |
| 60-≤69 | 25 496 (23.4) | 5083 (23.4) | 11 167 (24.5) | 9246 (22.2) |
| 70-≤79 | 26 282 (24.1) | 5461 (25.2) | 11 224 (24.6) | 9597 (23.0) |
| 80-≤110 | 23 864 (21.9) | 5855 (27.0) | 9710 (21.3) | 8299 (19.9) |
| Sex, No. | 10 8852 | 21 680 | 45 511 | 41 661 |
| Female | 53 808 (49.4) | 10 746 (49.6) | 21 850 (48.0) | 21 212 (50.9) |
| Male | 55 044 (50.6) | 10 934 (50.4) | 23 661 (52.0) | 20 449 (49.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, No. | 108 827 | 21 656 | 45 514 | 41 657 |
| Black or African American non-Hispanic | 15 917 (14.6) | 3222 (14.9) | 6487 (14.3) | 6208 (14.9) |
| Hispanic | 7070 (6.5) | 1306 (6.0) | 2441 (5.4) | 3323 (8.0) |
| Other non-Hispanica | 7798 (7.2) | 1573 (7.3) | 2575 (5.7) | 3650 (8.8) |
| White non-Hispanic | 78 042 (71.7) | 15 555 (71.8) | 34 011 (74.7) | 28 476 (68.4) |
| Insurance, No.b | 78 975 | 16 550 | 33 184 | 29 241 |
| Medicaid | 3364 (4.3) | 570 (3.4) | 1442 (4.3) | 1352 (4.6) |
| Medicare | 61 947 (78.4) | 13 483 (81.5) | 26 407 (79.6) | 22 057 (75.4) |
| Private, VA, CHAMPUS, or other | 10 431 (13.2) | 1866 (11.3) | 4220 (12.7) | 4345 (14.9) |
| Self-pay or none | 2568 (3.3) | 475 (2.9) | 893 (2.7) | 1200 (4.1) |
| Not determined | 665 (0.8) | 156 (0.9) | 222 (0.7) | 287 (1.0) |
| Medical history, No. | 108 215 | 21 488 | 45 399 | 41 328 |
| Hypertension | 68 685 (63.5) | 14 028 (65.3) | 30 221 (66.6) | 24 436 (59.1) |
| Dyslipidemia | 37 810 (34.97) | 7997 (37.2) | 17 310 (38.1) | 12 503 (30.3) |
| Diabetes | 27 228 (25.2) | 5405 (25.2) | 13 493 (29.7) | 8330 (20.2) |
| Prior stroke | 20 456 (18.9) | 3872 (18.0) | 10 017 (22.1) | 6567 (15.9) |
| CAD or MI | 18 050 (16.7) | 4045 (18.8) | 8630 (19.0) | 5375 (13.0) |
| Smoking | 16 001 (14.8) | 3082 (14.3) | 7746 (17.1) | 5173 (12.5) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 15 376 (14.2) | 4557 (21.2) | 6003 (13.2) | 4816 (11.7) |
| Heart failure | 7385 (6.8) | 1999 (9.3) | 3210 (7.1) | 2176 (5.3) |
| Prior TIA | 6183 (5.7) | 1198 (5.6) | 3365 (7.4) | 1620 (3.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2266 (2.1) | 520 (2.4) | 1065 (2.3) | 681 (1.6) |
| Carotid artery stenosis | 2080 (1.9) | 511 (2.4) | 1040 (2.3) | 529 (1.3) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 961 (0.9) | 246 (1.1) | 364 (0.8) | 351 (0.8) |
| Arrival and clinical data | ||||
| Arrival mode, No. | 107 370 | 21 456 | 44 962 | 40 952 |
| Private | 36 719 (34.2) | 3884 (18.1) | 18 808 (41.8) | 14 027 (34.3) |
| EMS no prenotification | 23 555 (21.9) | 4113 (19.2) | 8643 (19.2) | 10 799 (26.4) |
| EMS prenotification | 47 096 (43.9) | 13 459 (62.7) | 17 511 (38.9) | 16 126 (39.4) |
| During pandemic | 64 941 (59.6) | 13 336 (61.5) | 26 902 (59.1) | 24 703 (59.3) |
| NIH Stroke Scale score, No.c | 85 597 | 21 158 | 41 456 | 22 983 |
| 0-1 | 16 574 (19.4) | 1312 (6.2) | 7798 (18.8) | 7464 (32.5) |
| 2-4 | 17 789 (20.8) | 2572 (12.2) | 11 228 (27.1) | 3989 (17.4) |
| 5-12 | 24 006 (28.0) | 6346 (30.0) | 12 888 (31.1) | 4772 (20.8) |
| >12 | 27 228 (31.8) | 10 928 (51.6) | 9542 (23.0) | 6758 (29.4) |
| Missing | 23 316 (21.4) | 532 (2.5) | 4089 (9.0) | 18 695 (44.9) |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (2-15) | 13 (6-20) | 5 (2-12) | 5 (1-15) |
| IV thrombolytic initiated | NA | 9201 (42.4) | 15 066 (33.1) | NA |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| Vascular imaging performed | 38 323 (35.2) | 16 436 (75.8) | 21 882 (48.0) | 5 (<1) |
| Vascular imaging data missingd | 54 259 (49.8) | 2824 (13.0) | 9795 (21.5) | 41 640 (99.9) |
| Large vessel occlusion | 21 849 (20.1) | 14 359 (66.2) | 7490 (16.4) | 0 |
| Data missing | 63 346 (58.2) | 4593 (21.2) | 17 076 (37.5) | 41 677 (100.0) |
| Transferring hospital characteristics | ||||
| Primary stroke center | ||||
| Yes | 46 488 (42.7) | 11 676 (53.8) | 15 066 (33.1) | 19 746 (47.4) |
| Noe | 62 425 (57.3) | 10 014 (46.2) | 30 479 (66.9) | 21 932 (52.6) |
| Location, No. | 107 556 | 21 405 | 44 901 | 41 250 |
| Rural | 33 932 (31.5) | 4366 (20.4) | 18 602 (41.4) | 10 964 (26.6) |
| Urban | 73 624 (68.5) | 17 039 (79.6) | 26 299 (58.6) | 30 286 (73.4) |
| IV thrombolytic cases per y, No. | 108 164 | 21 666 | 44 963 | 41 535 |
| 0-9 | 32 012 (29.6) | 3777 (17.4) | 16 994 (37.8) | 11 241 (27.1) |
| 10-19 | 37 995 (35.1) | 7505 (34.6) | 14 921 (33.2) | 15 569 (37.5) |
| 20-29 | 24 275 (22.4) | 6532 (30.1) | 8302 (18.5) | 9441 (22.7) |
| 30-126 | 13 882 (12.8) | 3852 (17.8) | 4746 (10.6) | 5284 (12.7) |
| Teaching status, No. | 99 664 | 20 047 | 41 376 | 38 241 |
| Teaching hospital | 62 681 (62.9) | 14 754 (73.6) | 22 382 (54.1) | 25 545 (66.8) |
| Daily hospital census, No. | 99 664 | 20 047 | 41 376 | 38 241 |
| 0-99 | 52 526 (52.7) | 6981 (34.8) | 26 441 (63.9) | 19 104 (50.0) |
| 100-199 | 32 230 (32.3) | 8209 (40.9) | 10 494 (25.4) | 13 527 (35.4) |
| ≥200 | 14 908 (15.0) | 4857 (24.2) | 4441 (10.7) | 5610 (14.7) |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CHAMPUS, Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services; EMS, emergency medical services; EVT, endovascular therapy; IV, intravenous; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; NIH, National Institutes of Health; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VA, Veterans Affairs.
a
Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or unable to determine, extracted from the medical record for inclusion in the registry.
b
Extracted from the medical record for inclusion in the registry. Patients with both Medicaid and Medicare were assigned to Medicare.
c
Score ranges from 0 to 42 (higher scores indicate greater severity).
d
Imaging that was not performed or not reported at the transferring hospital.
e
Included acute stroke ready and noncertified hospitals.