Fig. 3.

Relationship between study sleep variables and BMI, HOMA-IR, and NAFLD-related variables. Heat map showing Spearman correlation between study sleep variables (AHI, ODI, T90%, LaSO₂, average SpO₂) and BMI, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, NAS, NASH, steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; T90%: the percentage of total sleep time spent with SpO₂ <90; LaSO₂, lowest O₂ saturation; average SpO₂, average O₂ saturation; BMI, body mass index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; NAS, NAFLD activity score; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.