Table 1.
General characteristics of the whole cohort and stratified by gender
| Variables | Total, n = 141 | Male, n = 30 | Female, n = 111 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 30.81±6.83 | 28.30±6.68 | 31.49±6.74 | 0.023* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 39.77±7.05 | 43.54±7.03 | 38.75±6.74 | 0.001* |
| Waist circumference, cm | 115.00 (106.00–128.50) | 131.00 (118.50–143.25) | 112.00 (103.00–122.00) | 0.000* |
| Neck circumference, cm | 42.00 (39.00–45.00) | 46.00 (44.00–48.00) | 41.00 (39.00–43.00) | 0.000* |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 17 (12.06) | 10 (33.33) | 7 (6.30) | 0.000* |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 49 (34.75) | 9 (30.00) | 40 (36.03) | 0.538 |
| Arterial hypertension, | 44 (31.21) | 14 (46.67) | 30 (27.03) | 0.039* |
| Dyslipidemia | 124 (87.94) | 21 (70.00) | 103 (92.79) | 0.002* |
| OSA (AHI ≥5 ev/h) | 127 (90.07) | 29 (96.67) | 98 (88.29) | 0.301 |
| Sleep study characteristics | ||||
| AHI | 19.30 (11.20–48.15) | 58.20 (18.93–90.28) | 17.40 (10.00–35.70) | 0.000* |
| ODI | 16.60 (9.40–41.10) | 48.15 (19.08–87.75) | 14.90 (9.00–29.30) | 0.000* |
| T90% | 0.30 (0.00–6.00) | 5.20 (0.23–24.08) | 0.10 (0.00–2.90) | 0.001* |
| LaSO2 | 83.00 (74.00–88.00) | 76.50 (69.75–85.25) | 85.00 (79.00–88.00) | 0.002* |
| Average SpO2 | 95.00 (93.00–96.00) | 93.00 (92.00–96.00) | 95.00 (94.00–96.00) | 0.003* |
| Biochemical characteristics | ||||
| ALT, U/L | 41.00 (27.50–78.50) | 57.50 (38.50–83.00) | 39.00 (24.00–77.00) | 0.020* |
| AST, U/L | 26.00 (18.00–45.00) | 31.50 (24.00–45.00) | 23.00 (17.00–46.00) | 0.085 |
| ALKP, U/L | 69.00 (60.00–82.00) | 74.00 (67.00–83.50) | 69.00 (58.00–81.00) | 0.122 |
| GGT, U/L | 36.00 (24.50–56.50) | 52.00 (41.00–75.75) | 31.00 (22.00–52.00) | 0.000* |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.96 (4.46–5.47) | 4.95 (4.27–5.43) | 4.96 (4.53–5.58) | 0.429 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.81 (1.44–2.50) | 1.85 (1.41–2.39) | 1.81 (1.44–2.51) | 0.761 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.06 (0.96–1.22) | 1.00 (0.89–1.14) | 1.08 (0.97–1.23) | 0.072 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.26±0.74 | 3.27±0.91 | 3.25±0.69 | 0.893 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.49 (4.95–6.71) | 5.33 (4.86–6.53) | 5.50 (4.96–6.74) | 0.346 |
| Fasting insulin, μIU/mL | 22.60 (16.15–32.25) | 23.50 (17.73–33.63) | 22.30 (15.80–31.80) | 0.636 |
| HOMA-IR | 5.93 (4.25–7.64) | 5.99 (3.92–7.65) | 5.88 (4.27–7.67) | 0.936 |
BMI, body mass index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; T90%, the percentage of total sleep time spent with SpO2 <90; LaSO2, lowest O2 saturation; average SpO2, average O2 saturation; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALKP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
*p < 0.05.