Table 4.
Characteristics of the participants according to the grade of steatosis
| Variables | Steatosis (grade 0), n = 17 | Steatosis (grade 1–3), n = 124 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 1 (5.88) | 29 (23.39) | 0.122 |
| Female | 16 (94.12) | 95 (76.61) | |
| Age, years | 29.24±5.96 | 31.02±6.94 | 0.313 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 38.47±8.34 | 39.94±6.88 | 0.420 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 109.00 (101.50–124.50) | 117.00 (108.00–128.75) | 0.139 |
| Neck circumference, cm | 42.00 (38.00–45.00) | 42.00 (40.00–45.00) | 0.583 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 17 (13.71) | 0.085 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 5 (29.41) | 44 (35.48) | 0.622 |
| Arterial hypertension | 7 (41.18) | 37 (29.84) | 0.344 |
| Dyslipidemia | 13 (76.47) | 111 (89.52) | 0.127 |
| OSA (AHI ≥5 ev/h) | 14 (82.35) | 113 (91.13) | 0.378 |
| Sleep study characteristics | |||
| AHI | 8.40 (6.50–28.90) | 20.90 (12.75–51.10) | 0.014* |
| ODI | 11.00 (4.15–28.45) | 17.65 (9.68–42.20) | 0.089 |
| T90%, n (%) | 0.10 (0.00–2.90) | 0.30 (0.00–6.48) | 0.366 |
| LaSO2, n (%) | 86.00 (73.00–89.00) | 83.00 (74.25–88.00) | 0.470 |
| Average SpO2, n (%) | 95.00 (94.00–97.00) | 95.00 (93.00–96.00) | 0.277 |
| Biochemical characteristics | |||
| ALT, U/L | 20.00 (12.25–29.50) | 49.50 (32.00–83.00) | 0.000* |
| AST, U/L | 17.00 (14.00–18.50) | 27.50 (19.00–48.50) | 0.000* |
| ALKP, U/L | 73.00 (67.50–85.50) | 69.00 (60.00–81.75) | 0.257 |
| GGT, U/L | 19.00 (16.50–38.50) | 41.00 (25.25–60.50) | 0.001* |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.66 (4.37–5.35) | 4.97 (4.48–5.53) | 0.317 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.55 (1.08–1.77) | 1.86 (1.47–2.72) | 0.001* |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.17 (1.04–1.27) | 1.05 (0.94–1.19) | 0.045* |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.08±0.76 | 3.28±0.74 | 0.284 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.15 (4.70–5.62) | 5.61 (4.98–6.97) | 0.011* |
| Fasting insulin, µIU/mL | 16.00 (12.15–25.90) | 22.85 (17.53–33.10) | 0.016* |
| HOMA-IR | 4.42 (2.49–6.29) | 6.07 (4.39–8.36) | 0.005* |
BMI, body mass index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; T90%, the percentage of total sleep time spent with SpO2 <90; LaSO2, lowest O2 saturation; average SpO2, average O2 saturation; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALKP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
*p < 0.05.