Table 3.

Serum levels of T-cell- and NK-cell-related cytokines within 12 months following LVAD implantation in normal-weight, pre-obese, and obese patients

	Normal weight (n = 17)	Pre-obesity (n = 24)	Obesity (n = 27)	p value
IFN-γ, pg/mL
Pre-OP	0.11±0.25	1.02±3.66	0.09±0.28	0.63
1st FU	0.00±0.00	1.69±6.00	0.00±0.00	0.36
2nd FU	0.05±0.18	6.70±21.00	0.16±0.38	0.41
3rd FU	0.00±0.00	0.74±2.56	0.05±0.21	0.38
IL-2, pg/mL
Pre-OP	0.09±0.32	0.15±0.39	0.09±0.28	0.87
1st FU	0.00±0.00	0.07±0.29	0.20±0.60	0.47
2nd FU	0.09±0.32	0.00±0.00	0.08±0.30	0.68
3rd FU	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	1
IL-10, pg/mL
Pre-OP	0.00±0.00	0.39±1.25	0.69±1.17	0.23
1st FU	0.00±0.00	0.05±0.18	0.46±1.09	0.16
2nd FU	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	1
3rd FU	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.54±2.09	0.49
TNF-α, pg/mL
Pre-OP	0.22±0.39	0.56±0.87	0.70±1.02	0.06
1st FU	0.62±1.01	0.82±1.01	1.09±2.28	0.69
2nd FU	0.42±0.65	0.53±0.77	0.87±1.59	0.49
3rd FU	0.25±0.63	0.82±1.28	0.70±1.58	0.43

FU, follow-up; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-2/10, interleukin-2/10; pre-OP, preoperative; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.