Figure 1.

Schematic representation of differentiation strategies of RPE. (A) Spontaneous differentiation describing two common approaches i.e., 2D culture and embryoid body-based RPE derivation. (B) Growth factors-based differentiation which include representative growth factors like BMP4, ACTIVIN A, and WNT3a with its downstream cells signalling pathway and activation of signalling specific gene transcription. (C) Small molecules like CHIR 99021 and SB-431542 activating WNT signalling pathways and inhibiting TGFb1/ALK5 respectively.