Table 2.
Comparison of basic clinical data, motor symptoms and NMS of PD patients with or without sarcopenia
| Variable | Without Sarcopenia | With Sarcopenia | t/x2/z | P-Value | Power (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 90) | (n = 33) | ||||
| Age,y | 63.37 ± 8.99 | 72.18 ± 7.12 | -4.209 | < 0.001 | 10.0 |
| Disease duration,y | 4(2,7) | 6(3,9.5) | -1.772 | 0.076 | 50.6 |
| Education background,y | 7.5(4.75,9) | 6(2,9.5) | -0.460 | 0.646 | 37.5 |
| Male, n(%) | 45(50) | 11(33.3) | 2.705 | 0.100 | 37.6 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 27(30) | 7(21.2) | 0.932 | 0.334 | 16.2 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n(%) | 11(12.2) | 2(6.1) | 0.551 | 16.6 | |
| Smoker, n(%) | 20(22.2) | 4(12.1) | 1.569 | 0.210 | 24.0 |
| Alcohol user, n(%) | 17(18.9) | 4(12.1) | 0.781 | 0.377 | 14.3 |
| Tea or coffee user, n(%) | 25(27.8) | 8(24.2) | 0.154 | 0.695 | 6.7 |
| Types of Motor Symptoms | 0.795 | 0.672 | 11.5 | ||
| Tremor-dominant, n(%) | 28(31.1) | 8(24.2) | |||
| PIGD-dominant, n(%) | 50(55.6) | 19(57.6) | |||
| Mixed, n(%) | 12(13.3) | 6(18.2) | |||
| state of nutrition | 7.291 | 0.007 | 97.4 | ||
| no risk of malnutrition, n(%) | 52(57.8) | 6(18.2) | |||
| Risk of malnutrition, n(%) | 38(42.2) | 27(81.8) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.74 ± 2.72 | 20.64 ± 2.96 | 7.225 | < 0.001 | 100 |
| ASM (kg/m2) | 7.36(6.38,7.89) | 5.5(5.18,6.66) | -6.336 | < 0.001 | 100 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 24.9(18.7,32.63) | 18.7(15.3,22.05) | -4.167 | < 0.001 | 73 |
| 6 m GS (s) | 7.04(5.99,8.33) | 7.75(7.15,9.43) | -2.934 | 0.003 | 36.6 |
| UPDRS-I | 3(2,5) | 4(2.5,6) | -2.056 | 0.040 | 39.8 |
| UPDRS-II | 11(8,16.25) | 15(9,22.5) | -2.501 | 0.012 | 59.1 |
| UPDRS-III | 24(15,33) | 26(13.5,33) | -0.231 | 0.817 | 8.9 |
| UPDRS-IV | 1(0,3) | 2(0.5,6) | -2.793 | 0.005 | 29.8 |
| Dyskinesia, n(%) | 11(12.2) | 6(18.2) | 0.72 | 0.396 | 13.6 |
| MF, n(%) | 20(22.2) | 13(39.4) | 3.627 | 0.057 | 47.8 |
| H-Y early stage, n(%) | 71(78.9) | 20(60.6) | 4.193 | 0.041 | 53.5 |
| LED (mg/d) | 387.5(225, 654.75) | 499(293.75,724) | -1.369 | 0.171 | 28.1 |
| MMSE | 26(23,28) | 23(19.5,27) | -2.446 | 0.014 | 84.2 |
| PSQI | 8(5.75,11) | 13(10,15.5) | -4.693 | < 0.001 | 99.2 |
| ESS | 4(3,9) | 7(3,12.5) | -1.891 | 0.059 | 63.0 |
| FSS | 39.5(27.75,48.25) | 49(43.5,53.5) | -3.815 | < 0.001 | 75.0 |
| HAMA | 8(5,13) | 16(10.5,21) | -4.328 | < 0.001 | 99.9 |
| HAMD | 9(6,13.25) | 17(12.5,22.5) | -4.157 | < 0.001 | 99.9 |
| NMSQ | 8(5,12.25) | 12(8,17) | -3.383 | 0.001 | 78.9 |
| SCOPA-AUT | 10(6,14) | 15(10.5, 19.5) | -3.297 | 0.001 | 89.6 |
| PDQ-8 | 8.5 ± 4.81 | 12.39 ± 5.57 | -3.81 | < 0.001 | 98.5 |
| ADLs | 24(21,35) | 37(25.5,56) | -3.753 | < 0.001 | 99.9 |
Values in bold are significant at P < 0.05
Data were expressed as n (%), mean ± SD, median (interquartile range). P values are from Student’ s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test
Abbreviations: PD Parkinson's disease, PIGD postural instability and gait difficulty, BMI Body Mass Index, ASM appendicular skeletal mass, 6 m GS 6-m gait speed, UPDRS Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, MF motor fluctuations, LED Levodopa Equivalent Dose, MMSE Mini Mental State Scale, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, ESS Epworth Sleep Scale, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, HAMA Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMD Hamilton Depression Scale, NMSQ Non-Motor Symptom Questionnaire, SCOPA-AUT Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire, PDQ-8 Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale-8, ADLs Ability of Daily Living scale