Table 5.
Associations with risk factors for non-communicable diseases among individuals aged 15 years and older in Bhutan, 2007–2019.
| Study year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 2007 | 2014 | 2019 |
| Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | |
| All | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| 15–34 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 35–49 | 0.36 (0.18 to 0.53)*** | 0.41 (0.27 to 0.55)*** | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.69)*** |
| 50–74 | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.04)*** | 0.78 (0.61 to 0.95)*** | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.94)*** |
| Sex | |||
| Female subjects | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male subjects | −0.24 (−0.39 to −0.09)** | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.09) | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.25)*** |
| Education (in years) | |||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1–10 | 0.05 (−0.12 to 0.22) | 0.15 (−0.02 to 0.31) | −0.12 (−0.20 to −0.03)* |
| ≥11 | 0.26 (0.02 to 0.51)* | −0.04 (−0.29 to 0.21) | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.04)* |
| Employment | |||
| Non-employed | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Employed | 0.14 (−0.02 to 0.29) | 0.04 (−0.11 to 0.19) | 0.27 (0.16 to 0.38)*** |
| Adult household members | |||
| 0–2 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 3 | 0.13 (−0.16 to 0.31) | −0.11 (−0.26 to 0.04) | −0.02 (−0.12 to 0.07) |
| 4 or more | 0.09 (−0.08 to 0.26) | 0.01 (−0.18 to 0.21) | −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.10) |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | --- | Reference | Reference |
| Urban | −0.33 (−0.51 to −0.15)*** | 0.22 (0.09 to 0.36)*** | |
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.