Fig. 5.
Differentially abundant faecal/serum metabolites and their associations with gut bacteria. Standardized relative abundance and VIP score of altered faecal (A) and serum (B) metabolites identified by comparison between patients with adult-onset T1D patients and HCs. Altered metabolites were identified by OPLS-DA. (C, D) Associations of representative bacteria and faecal or serum metabolites that were altered in adult-onset T1D patients, T2D patients or both compared with HCs were assessed by Spearman’s correlation analysis. The relative abundance was transformed into Z scores. +P < 0.05, ∗Pfdr < 0.1, ∗∗Pfdr < 0.05, ∗∗∗Pfdr < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗Pfdr < 0.001, #VIP >1. Abbreviations: FC, fold change; OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; VIP, variable influence on projection; HCs, healthy controls; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes.