Interactions of disease-related taxa/metabolites and host clinical parameters in patients with adult-onset T1D and HCs. Associations of differentially abundant taxa (A) or faecal/serum metabolites (B, C) and clinical parameters in patients with adult-onset T1D and HCs. Correlations were calculated with Spearman’s correlation analysis. +P < 0.05, ∗Pfdr < 0.1, ∗∗Pfdr < 0.05, ∗∗∗Pfdr < 0.01. Abbreviations: FBG, fasting blood glucose; PBG, postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; FCP, fasting C-peptide; PCP, postprandial C-peptide; HOMA2-B, homoeostasis model assessment 2 estimates of β-cell function; HOMA2-S, homoeostasis model assessment 2 estimates of insulin sensitivity; HOMA2-IR, homoeostasis model assessment 2 estimates of insulin resistance.