Fig. 5.
Anti-biofilm activity measurement. (A) Co-culturing of phage and bacteria for biofilm-formation inhibition assay. P. aeruginosa PA001 was cultivated on 6-well plates and mixed with different multiplicities of infection (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100) of phiPA1-3 for 6 h. The control was no phage added. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. (B) Quantification of the results for the assay in (A). (C) Scanning electron micrography of the biofilm-eradication test of phiPA1-3. PA001 was cultured on a 6-well plate for 6 h to obtain a mature biofilm, following which varying amounts of phiPA1-3 (2 × 109, 2 × 108, and 2 × 107 PFU) were added, and the samples were cultured for an additional 18 h. (D) Quantification of biofilm-eradication test; all means were calculated from three independent measurements. “***” indicates p<0.001.