Kaplan–Meier survival estimates. Survival curve comparison of the following groups: (1) CPET V̇E/V̇co2 >34 mlac first 24 h >2 mM (abnormal lactate; abnormal CPET), (2) CPET V̇E/V̇co2 <34 mlac first 24 h >2 mM (abnormal lactate; normal CPET), (3) CPET V̇E/V̇co2 >34 mlac first 24 h <2 mM (abnormal lactate; normal CPET), and (4) CPET V̇E/V̇co2 <34 mlac first 24 h <2 mM (normal lactate; normal CPET). CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; mlac, mean lactate concentration.