TABLE 3.

Adjusted ORs for Determinants of Bile Duct Injury, 2003–2020 (N = 777,486)^*,†,‡

	Model 1*	Model 2†,§
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Indications for surgery
Biliary colic	0.82 (0.71–0.94)	0.82 (0.71–0.94)
Cholecystitis	1.26 (0.98–1.62)	1.14 (0.89–1.47)
Other gallbladder disease	1.99 (1.75–2.84)	1.90 (1.66–2.17)
Diseases of the pancreas	2.53 (2.14–2.98)	2.16 (1.92–2.43)
Comorbidities
Obesity	0.70 (0.59–0.84)	0.70 (0.59–0.84)
Coronary artery disease	0.97 (0.82–1.16)	0.97 (0.81–1.15)
Atrial fibrillation	1.15 (0.93–1.42)	1.15 (0.92–1.43)
Chronic kidney disease	0.94 (0.76–1.17)	0.92 (0.74–1.16)
Chronic liver disease	1.26 (1.07–1.49)	1.25 (1.05–1.49)

*Bile duct injuries were identified using CPT codes 47720, 47721, 47740, 47760, 47765, 47780, 47785, 47790, and 47800.

†Generalized logistic regression was used to estimate ORs for the association between indications for surgery and bile duct injuries, and the association between comorbidities and bile duct injuries.

‡Each model includes each indication for surgery and comorbidity separately while adjusting for gender, age category, procedure type (open vs laparoscopic), and indicator variables for calendar year and US state.

§Model includes all indicators for surgery and comorbidities simultaneously, while adjusting for gender, age category, procedure type (open vs laparoscopic), and indicator variables for calendar year and region.