Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the first-ever HbA1C testing between 2015 and December 2018 in the Gauteng province, South Africa.
| First-ever HbA1C category n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Overall | p-value | ||||
| n (% Total) | Normal Control | Poor Control | ||||
| ≤7% | >7 - ≤9% | >9% | Total >7% | |||
| Overall | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| Year | ||||||
| 2015 | 115 372 (22.5) | 54 750 (47.5) | 23 880 (20.7) | 36 742 (31.8) | 60 622 (52.5) | |
| 2016 | 126 202 (24.7) | 68 713 (54.4) | 22 946 (18.2) | 34 543 (27.4) | 57 489 (45.6) | |
| 2017 | 129 489 (25.3) | 72 346 (55.9) | 22 711 (17.5) | 34 432 (26.6) | 57 143 (44.1) | |
| 2018 | 140 718 (27.5) | 78 350 (55.7) | 24 711 (17.6) | 37 657 (26.8) | 62 368 (44.3) | < .0001 |
| Age category | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| 18–30 | 33 403 (6.5) | 22 936 (68.7) | 2 450 (7.3) | 8 017 (24.0) | 10 467 (31.3) | |
| 31–50 | 140 897 (27.5) | 78 790 (55.9) | 20 088 (14.3) | 42 019 (29.8) | 62 107 (44.1) | |
| >50 | 297 046 (58.0) | 150 582 (50.7) | 64 719 (21.8) | 81 745 (27.5) | 146 464 (49.3) | |
| Unknown | 40 435 (7.9) | 21 851 (54.0) | 6 991 (17.3) | 11 593 (28.7) | 18 584 (46.0) | < .0001 |
| Race group | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| Indian/Asian | 13 342 (2.6) | 7 157 (53.6) | 3 019 (22.6) | 3 166 (23.7) | 6 185 (46.4) | |
| Black African | 372 942 (72.9) | 193 457 (51.9) | 69 154 (18.5) | 110 331 (29.6) | 179 485 (48.1) | |
| Coloured | 21 948 (4.3) | 12 897 (58.8) | 3 959 (18.0) | 5 092 (23.2) | 9 051 (41.2) | |
| White | 48 694 (9.5) | 31 661 (65.0) | 7 969 (16.4) | 9 064 (18.6) | 17 033 (35.0) | |
| Unknown | 54 855 (10.7) | 28 987 (52.8) | 10 147 (18.5) | 15 721 (28.7) | 25 868 (47.2) | |
| Sex | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| Female | 312 254 (61.0) | 166 091 (53.2) | 59 274 (19.0) | 86 889 (27.8) | 146 163 (46.8) | |
| Male | 188 290 (36.8) | 102 723 (54.6) | 32 653 (17.3) | 52 914 (28.1) | 85 567 (45.4) | |
| Unknown | 11 237 (2.2) | 5 345 (47.6) | 2 321 (20.7) | 3 571 (31.8) | 5 892 (52.4) | < .0001 |
| Facility Type | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| PHC Facility | 214 118 (41.8) | 91 094 (42.5) | 51 453 (24.0) | 71 571 (33.4) | 123 024 (57.5) | |
| Hospital | 296 499 (57.9) | 182 379 (61.5) | 42 561 (14.4) | 71 559 (24.1) | 114 120 (38.5) | |
| Other | 1 164 (0.2) | 686 (58.9) | 234 (20.1) | 244 (21.0) | 478 (41.1) | < .0001 |
| Test Type | 511 781 (100.0) | 274 159 (53.6) | 94 248 (18.4) | 143 374 (28.0) | 237 622 (46.4) | |
| Laboratory | 505 012 (98.7) | 272 296 (53.9) | 92 095 (18.2) | 140 621 (27.8) | 232 716 (46.1) | |
| Point of Care | 6 769 (1.3) | 1 863 (27.5) | 2 153 (31.8) | 2 753 (40.7) | 4 906 (72.5) | < .0001 |
Data is reported for samples submitted to a National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) site. The overall number of patients with a first-ever HbA1C is categorised as follows: (i) ≤7, (ii) >7 - ≤9 and (iii) >9%. The chi-squared test was used to assess whether an association between HbA1C categories and year, age category, race group, sex, facility type and test type. Poor control was defined as a HbA1C >7%. PHC: Primary Health Care.