Table 1. Sociodemographic and health characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristics (%) | Both sexes | Males | Females | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | N | 3,128 | 1,306 | 1,822 | |
| Age [Years] | 0.063 | ||||
| 50–59 | 51.2 | 52.5 | 50.0 | ||
| 60–69 | 27.5 | 28.3 | 26.7 | ||
| 70+ | 21.3 | 19.2 | 23.3 | ||
| Education | <0.001 | ||||
| No formal education | 41.5 | 29.8 | 52.2 | ||
| Primary | 28.3 | 28.7 | 27.8 | ||
| Secondary | 26.5 | 35.9 | 17.9 | ||
| Tertiary | 3.7 | 5.6 | 2.1 | ||
| Employment | <0.001 | ||||
| Public | 7.8 | 11.7 | 4.3 | ||
| Private | 4.4 | 6.7 | 2.2 | ||
| Self-employed | 69.7 | 64.8 | 74.2 | ||
| Informal employment | 16.2 | 15.2 | 17.2 | ||
| Unemployed | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.0 | ||
| Place of residence | 0.785 | ||||
| Urban | 47.9 | 47.5 | 48.2 | ||
| Rural | 52.1 | 52.5 | 51.8 | ||
| Primary source of care | 0.013 | ||||
| Private facility | 9.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | ||
| Public facility | 41.4 | 37.4 | 45 | ||
| Faith-based/charity hospital | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 | ||
| † Others | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | ||
| Never sought care | 41.8 | 45.9 | 38.1 | ||
| Health insurance coverage | |||||
| Yes | 25.4 | 21.6 | 28.9 | <0.001 | |
| Chronic diseases | |||||
| Abdominal obesity | 47.0 | 16.5 | 74.8 | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 37.1 | 36.7 | 37.4 | 0.761 | |
| General obesity | 13.4 | 5.9 | 20.2 | <0.001 | |
| Arthritis | 20.4 | 17.3 | 23.2 | 0.005 | |
| Asthma | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 0.634 | |
| Cataract | 7.2 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 0.201 | |
| Diabetes | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.798 | |
| Angina | 8.4 | 5.0 | 11.4 | <0.001 | |
| Chronic lung disease | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 0.343 | |
| Depression | 4.5 | 3.1 | 5.7 | <0.001 | |
| Stroke | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.502 | |
Cells are weighted percentages unless otherwise specified.
† Other sources of primary care comprise local pharmacies and traditional healers.