| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Al Tamimi 2015a | ICU study. |
| Astaneh 2007 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Baldwin 2004 | The intervention was not designed to prevent delirium. Cognitive impairment rather than delirium was used as an outcome measure. |
| Benedict 2009 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Bolotin 2014 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Brueckmann 2015 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Budd 1974 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Caplan 2006 | Study not in hospitalised patients ‐ active intervention in community setting. |
| Cerchietti 2000 | Not a delirium prevention study. |
| Colak 2015 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Cole 2002 | Not a delirium prevention study. |
| Culp 2003 | Randomisation not used and participants were long‐term care residents. |
| De Jonghe 2007 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Del Rosario 2008 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Ding 2015 | PACU study. |
| Ding 2015a | PACU study. |
| Ely 2004a | ICU study. |
| Ely 2004b | ICU study. |
| Finotto 2006 | ICU study. |
| Gamberini 2009 | ICU study. |
| Hsieh 2015 | ICU study. |
| Hu 2006 | Treatment study. |
| Hudetz 2009 | ICU study. |
| Hudetz 2015 | ICU study. |
| Hwang 2015 | ICU study. |
| Inouye 1993a | Not original research‐ review article. |
| Inouye 1999 | Randomisation not used. |
| Kaneko 1999 | A validated method for delirium diagnosis was not used. Although DSM‐IIIR diagnostic criteria used, data obtained from retrospective chart review. |
| Kat 2008 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Lackner 2008 | Nursing home setting. |
| Landefeld 1995 | Outcomes examined did not include delirium. |
| Lili 2013 | Not delirium prevention. |
| Lundstrom 2005 | Randomisation not used. |
| Maneeton 2007 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Marcantonio 2010 | Post‐acute care, not hospital setting. |
| Mardani 2013 | ICU study. |
| Marino 2009 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Mentes 2003 | Randomisation not used. |
| Meybohm 2015 | ICU study. |
| Milisen 2001 | Not a randomised controlled trial. Before and after study. |
| Mudge 2008 | Not a randomised controlled trial. |
| Myint 2013 | Delirium not used as an outcome measure. |
| Naughton 2005 | Randomisation not used. |
| Neri 2010 | Not in hospitalised patients. |
| Oldenbeuving 2008 | Treatment study. |
| Overshott 2010 | Treatment study. |
| Pandharipande 2010 | ICU study. |
| Parker 2015 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Parra Sanchez 2009 | ICU study. |
| Perkisas 2015 | Commentary. |
| Pitkala 2006 | Treatment study. |
| Prakanrattana 2007 | ICU study. |
| Pretto 2014 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| Ritchie 2008 | No recruitment, trial stopped. |
| Saager 2015 | ICU study. |
| Sauer 2014 | ICU study. |
| Short 2015 | Not a delirium prevention study. |
| Shu 2010 | ICU study and method of delirium diagnosis not validated. |
| Tabatabaie 2015 | Not a randomised controlled trial. Retrospective observational study. |
| Tabet 2005 | Randomisation not used. |
| Takeuchi 2007 | Treatment study and not randomised controlled trial. |
| Tokita 2001 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. Delirium diagnosis relied on retrospective records review. |
| Torres 2015 | A validated method for diagnosis of delirium was not used. |
| van de Steeg 2014 | Primary outcome is screening for incidence of delirium; unable to report incidence of delirium as first date of delirium diagnosis is not recorded. |
| Wang 2012 | ICU study. |
| Wanich 1992 | Not a delirium prevention study. |
| Wong 2005 | Not a randomised controlled study. Before and after study. |
| Yamaguchi 2014 | ICU study. |
| Yang 2015 | ICU study. |
DSM‐IIR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ICU: Intensive Care Unit PACU: post‐anaesthesia care unit