Figure 9. Model depicting the role of yeast DJ-1 orthologs in the maintenance and protection against carbonyls.

Various metabolic pathways generate MG and GO that spontaneously glycate cytosol and organellar macromolecules (1). Hsp31 paralogs scavenge excess endogenous RCS and regulate their levels (2). The dual role of paralogs provides nucleic acid protection by efficiently detoxifing the carbonyls and reversing of damaged molecules (3). Deglycation of proteins preserves the functional integrity of proteins (4). Dicarbonyl stress-induced translocation of Hsp31 paralogs into mitochondria confers enhanced organellar protection by attenuating damage to mitochondrial biomolecules (5). Created with BioRender.